Abstract
Since the mid-1990s the idea of a “Black Atlantic,” as proposed by Gilroy (1993), has opened a whole new perspective upon the cultural aspects of transatlantic interactions. The various populations that make up this dynamic, interactive space began to “get” a joint history, characterized by composite practices and identities in a constantly changing world as people on the move linked and recreated continents and islands. Far from dissipating, this breath of fresh air in the social sciences has since provoked a multidisciplinary debate, obliging its respective disciplines to reposition themselves within this new universe. However, its principal proponents have essentially focused on the northern Atlantic and on its Anglophone aspects, thereby largely neglecting the southern hemisphere (Coates 2005). While some scholars have reminded their readers of the latter’s importance with regard to the all-pervading transatlantic slave trade, their writings have not, so far, been identified as exponents of this new current of thought.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Alencastro, Luis Felipe de. 2000. O Trato dos Viventes: a formação do Brasil no Atlântico Sul, Sécs. XVI–XVIII. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Almada, André Alvares de. 1964. Tratado Breve dos Rios de Guiné de Cabo Verde, (1594), Lisbon: LIAM.
Almeida, J.C. de. 1859. Um Mez na Guiné, Lisbon: Typographia Universal.
Anguiano, Mateo de. 1957. Missiones Capuchinas en Africa, II: Missiones al Reino de la Zinga, Benim, Abda, Guinea e Sierra Leona. Madrid: CSIC, Instituto Santo Toribio de Morgovejo.
Armas, Antonio Rumeu de. 1956. España en el Africa Atlântica. 2 vols. Madrid: CSIC, Instituto de Estudios Africanos.
Armitage, David and Michael J. Braddick, eds. 2002. The British Atlantic World, 1500–1800. London: Palgrave.
Barros, Frederico de. 1885–1886. “Lingua Creola da Guiné Portugueza do Archipelago de Cabo Verde.” Revista de Estudos Livres 3–4: 152–155.
Barros, Marcelino Marques de. 1897–1899. “O Guineeense.” Revista Lusitana V–VI: 74–317; VII, 1902: 82–96, 166–188, 268–282; IX, 1906: 306–311.
———. 1900. Litteratura dos Negros: contos, cantigas e parabolas. Lisbon: Typographia do Commercio.
Biasutti, Pe. P.A. 1987. Vokabulari Kriol-Portugîs. Bubaque: Missão Católica.
Bickerton, Derek 1981. Roots of Language, Ann Arbor, Karoma.
Birmingham, David. 1966. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bertrand Bocandé, Bertrand. 1849. “Sur la Guinée Portugaise ou Sénégambie Méridionale.” Bulletin de la Societé de Géographie de Paris 3 e Série, Tomo 1: 265–350; T. 12, 57–93.
Bond, Bradley, ed. 2005. French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
Boulègue, Jean. 1989. Les Luso-Africains de Sénégambie. Lisboa: Instituto de Investigação Científica e Tecnologica.
Boxer, Charles. 1957. Dutch in Brazil 1624–1654. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
———. 1969. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire (1415–1825). London: Hutchinson.
Brooks, George E. 1984. “The Observance of All Souls Day in the Guinea Bissau Region.” History in Africa 13: 1–34.
———. 1993. Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society and Trade in Western Africa, 1000–1630. Boulder: Westview Press.
———. 2003. Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Athens: Ohio University Press, Oxford: James Currey.
Cabral, Nelson Eurico. 1984. “Les Créoles Portugais en Afrique de l’Ouest.” Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales 36 (1): 77–85.
Caroço, Jorge Vellez. 1923. Relatório do Governador da Guiné de 1922. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade.
Carreira, António. 1982. O Crioulo de Cabo Verde: surto e expansão. Lisbon: Author’s edition.
———. 1983. Os Portugueses nos Rios de Guiné (1500–1900). Lisbon: Author’s edition.
Chaunu, Pierre and Huguette. 1957. Séville et l’Atlantique (1504–1650). 12 vols. Paris: Armand Collin.
Chelmicki, J.C.C de, and Varnhagen, F.A. de. 1841. Corografia Cabo Verdiana. 2 vols. Lisbon: Typographia C.C. da Cunha.
Coates, Timothy. 2005. Review of Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History: Concepts and Contours. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, in: e-journal of Portuguese History, 3(1), Summer 2005 (www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph).
Coelho, Francisco de Lemos. 1990. Duas Descrições Seiscentistas da Guiné (1669/1684). Damião Peres (ed.) Lisbon: Academia Portuguesa de História.
Conferência dos Administradores de 1941, 1942, Bolama, Imprensa Nacional.
Conferência dos Administradores de 1943, 1944. Bolama, Imprensa Nacional.
Conferência de Administradores de 1944, 1945. Bolama, Imprensa Nacional.
Couto, Hildo Honório do. 1994. O Crioulo Português da Guiné Bissau. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Cultru, Pierre. 1913. Premier Voyage du Sieur de la Courbe faite a la Coste d’Afrique (1686), Paris: Eduard Champion & Emile Larose.
Curtin, Philip D. 1975. Economic Change in Pre-colonial Africa: Senegambia in the Era of the Slave Trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Daaku, Kwame. 1970. Trade and Politics on the Gold Coast, 1600–1720. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Daget, Serge, ed. 1988. De la Traite á Esclavage. 2 vols. Nantes/Paris: CRHMA/SFHOM.
Dias, António J. 1945. “Crenças e Costumes dos Indígenas da Ilha de Bissau no Século XVIII.” Portugal em África 2: 159–165 and 223–229.
Doelter, C. 1884. Ueber die Capverden nach dem Rio Grande und Futa Djallon. Leipzig: Paul Trohberg Verlag.
Donelha, André. 1977. Descrição da Serra Leoa e dos rios de Guiné e do Cabo Verde (1625). Lisbon: Junta de Investigação Científica do Ultramar.
Egerton, Douglas R., Alison Games, Jane G. Landers, Kris Lane, and Donald R. Wright. 2007. The Atlantic World: A History, 1400–1888. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson.
Eltis, David. 2000. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fernandes, Valentim. 1958. “Descripção da Costa de África de Senegal ao Cabo do Monte,” (1506), in Antonio Brásio, Monumenta Missionária Africana I, 1958: 672–739.
Freyre, Gilberto. [1933] (1963). Casa Grande e Senzala. Brasilia: Universidade de Brasilia.
———. 1953. Aventura e Rotina. Lisbon: Livros do Brasil.
Geraldes, F.A. Marques. 1887. “Guiné Portugueza.” Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa 7a Série, 8: 503.
Gilbert, Glenn G. 2002. Pidgins and Creole Languages in the Twenty First Century. New York, Peter Lang.
Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Gruzinsky, Serge. 1999. La Pensée Metisse. Paris : Librairie Arthème Fayard.
Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. 1992. Africans in Colonial Louisiana. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press.
Hall, Robert A. 1966. Pidgin and Creole Languages. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Hansen, Thorkild. 2006. Coast of Slaves. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
Herskovits, Melville J. 1937. Dahomey: An Ancient African Kingdom. 2 vols. New York: J.J. Augustin.
Havik, Philip J. 2004. Silences and Soundbytes: the Gendered Dynamics of Trade and Brokerage in the Pre-colonial Guinea Bissau Region. Meunster/New Brunswick: LIT/Transaction Publishers.
Holm, John. 1988. Pidgins and Creoles: theory and structure. 2 vols. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Hopkins, A.J. 1973. An Economic History of West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Horta, José da Silva. 2000. “Evidence for a Luso-African Identity in Portuguese Accounts on Guinea of Cape Verde.” History in Africa 27: 99–130.
Huber, Magnus and Parkvall, Mikael, eds. 1999. Spreading the Word: the Issue of Diffusion among the Atlantic Creoles. London: Battlebridge Publications, Westminster Creolistic Series.
Inikori, Joseph and Stanley L. Engerman, eds. 1992. The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas and Europe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Jobson, Richard. 1968. The Golden Trade. Amsterdam/New York: Da Capo Press/Theatrum Orbis Terrarum.
Klein, Herbert. 1999. The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Law, Robin. 1991. The Slave Coast of West Africa, 1550–1750: the Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on an African society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lima, J.J. Lopes de. 1844. Ensaio sobre a Estatística das Ilhas de Cabo Verde no Mar Atlântico e suas Dependências na Guiné Portuguesa ao Norte do Equador. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional.
Lovejoy, Paul. 1983. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lyall, Archibald. 1938. Black and White makes Brown: A Journey to the Cape Verde Islands. London, Heinemann.
Mark, Peter. 2002. Portuguese Style and Luso-African Identity: Precolonial Senegambia, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
Martinus, Frank. 1996. The Kiss of the Slave: Papiamentu’s West-African’s Connections. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam.
Massa, Françoise and Jean, Michel. 1996. Dictionnaire encyclopedique et Bilingue: Guinée Bissau. Rennes: EDPAL.
Mendy, Pater Karibe. 1994. Colonialismo Português em África: a tradição da resistência na Guiné Bissau (1879–1959). Bissau: INEP.
Miers, Suzanne and Igor Kopytoff. 1977. Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
Mauro, Fréderic. 1960. Le Portugal et l’Atlantique qu XVIIe siècle (1570–1670). Étude Economique. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N.
McWhorther, John, ed. 1999. Language Change and Language Contact in Pidgins and Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Miller, Joseph. 1988. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
J.M. de Souza and J.M de Souza. 1853. “Estudos sobre a Guiné de Cabo Verde.”: O Panorama 10.
Moore, Francis. 1838. Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa. London: Edward Cave.
Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. 1951. Contactos Culturais Luso-Africanos na Guiné de Cabo Verde. Lisbon: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa.
———. 1954. Guiné Portuguesa. 2 vols. Lisbon: Agência Geral de Ultramar.
Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. 1974. As Viagens do Bispo D. Frei Vitoriano Portuense a Guiné e a Cristianização dos Reis de Bissau (1694–1696). Lisbon: CECA/JICU).
Naro, Anthony. 1978. “A Study of the Origins of Pidgin.” Language 54(2): 314 –346.
Northrup, David. 1978. Trade without Rulers: Pre-colonial Economic Development in South-Eastern Nigeria. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Oliveira, José Osório de. 1944. Literatura Africana. Lisbon: Agência Geral das Colónias.
Pereira, Carlos. 1914. La Guinée Portugaise, Lisbon, A Editora Lda.
Peres, Damião, (ed.) 1952. Relação da Viagem da Fragata Nossa Senhora da Estrela a Bissau em 1753. Lisbon: Academia Portuguesa de História.
Peres, Damião, ed. 1988. Viagens de Luis de Cadamosto e Pedro de Sintra. Lisbon: Academia Portuguesa da História.
Pinto Bull, Benjamin. 1989. O Crioulo da Guiné Bissau : filosofia e sabedoria. Lisbon/Bissau: ICALP/INEP.
Pratt, Mary Louise. 2001. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London/New York: Routledge.
Rodney, Walter. 1970. A History of the Upper Guinea Coast. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Romano, Luis. 1970. Cabo Verde: renascence de uma civilização no Atlântico médio. Lisbon: Editora Revista Ocidente.
Rougé, Jean Luis. 1988. Petit Dictionnaire Etymologique du Kriol de Guinee Bissau e Casamance. Bissau: INEP.
———. 1995. “A Propósito da Formaçaõ dos Crioulos de Cabo Verde e Guiné.” Soronda, Revista de Estudos Guineenses 20: 81–97.
Ryder, A.F.C. 1970. Benin and the Europeans. New York: Humanities Press.
Saunders, A.C. de C.M. 1994. História Social dos Escravos e Libertos Nergos em Portugal. Lisbon: Casa da Moeda.
Scantamburlo, Pe. Luigi. 1981. Gramática da Lingua Criol da Guine Bissau. Bologna: Coop Servizio Missionario.
———. 1999. Diccionario do Guineense. vol. 1. Lisbon: Edições Colibri.
Silva Cunha, J.M. 1959. da Relatório da Campanha de 1958 (Guiné), Lisbon, Missão de Estudo dos Movimentos Associativos em África, Centro de Estudos Politicos e Sociais, Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
Simon, Eugène. 1857. “La Casamance et les Peuplades qui en habitent les Bords.” Paris: Bulletin de la Societé de Geographie de Paris, 4e Série, T. 13, 115–142.
Solow, Barbara. 1993. Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thornton, John. 1992. Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tinhorão, J. Ramos. 1997. Os Negros em Portugal, uma presença silenciosa. Lisbon: Editorial Caminho.
Trajano Filho, Wilson. 1998. “Polymorphic Creoledom: the ‘Creole’ society of Guinea Bissau.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
Turay, A.K. 1979. “The Portuguese in Temneland: an Ethnolinguistic Perspective.” The Journal of the Historical Society of Sierra Leone 3 (1–2), December: 27–35.
Vasconcelos, J. Leite de. 1879–1899. “Dialectos Crioulos Portugueses de Africa.” Revista Lusitana 5: 241–261.
Valdman, Albert, ed. 1977. Pidgins and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Veiga, Manuel. 1998. “O Português: espaço aberto; o Crioulo: espaço identitário.” Novas Literaturas Africanas de Lingua Portuguesa. Lisbon: Ministério da Educação, pp.31–40.
———. 1995. O Crioulo de Cabo Verde: introdução à gramática. Santiago: Instituto Caboverdiano do Livro (ICL).
Wilson, A.A. 1959. “Uma volta linguística na Guiné.” Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa 14 (56): 569–601.
———. 1962. The Crioulo of Guiné. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2007 Nancy Priscilla Naro, Roger Sansi-Roca, and David H. Treece
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Havik, P.J. (2007). Kriol without Creoles: Rethinking Guinea’s Afro-Atlantic Connections (Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries). In: Naro, N.P., Sansi-Roca, R., Treece, D.H. (eds) Cultures of the Lusophone Black Atlantic. Studies of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230606982_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230606982_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-37003-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-60698-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)