Assessing the Environmental Impact of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Procedures at a Tertiary Care Institution in India: A Prospective Study on Waste Generation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

 

Aims In light of the pressing global challenge posed by climate change in the 21st century, it is important to address the substantial environmental impact of the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE) [1] [2]. GIE procedures involve the extensive use of consumables, contributing significantly to hospital waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The primary aim of this research is to accurately measure the GHG emissions associated with GIE procedures in countries with emerging economies.

Methods For a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of GIE procedures, a prospective study was done at the AIG Hospitals in Hyderabad, India, from May 29^th, 2023, to June 10^th, 2023. Detailed data on total waste generated was collected, employing a color-coded system for disposable bags and classifying the waste into biohazard, potentially recyclable, and landfill waste categories. Measurements of electricity and water consumption associated with GIE procedures were recorded to assess resource usage. Utilizing the GHG protocol methodology, nationally recognized emission factors were applied to calculate GHG emissions from each source, which were expressed as kgCO ₂ e.

Results During the study period, we examined data from 3,244 consecutive patients who underwent a total of 3,873 procedures. Notably, the overall waste generated amounted to 1,728.05 kg, averaging 450 gm per procedure. Recycling these materials led to the avoidance of 261.26 kgCO ₂ e emissions, underscoring the positive environmental impact of recycling initiatives. The total carbon footprint generated was 1,34,162.87 kgCO₂e (34.64 kgCO ₂ e per procedure). The emissions of Scope 1 (CO₂ gas), Scope 2 (Electricity consumption), and Scope 3 (purchased goods, waste generated, water consumption, and patient travel) were 4000 kgCO₂e, 14,521.68 kgCO₂e and 1,15,641.19 kgCO₂e respectively. Patient travel (62.4%), water consumption (23.6%), electricity consumption (10.8%), medical gases (2.9%), purchased goods (0.11%), and waste generated (0.034%) were the main contributors to GHG emissions.

Conclusions This study serves as a crucial reference point for guiding proactive measures toward sustainable healthcare practices and underscores the urgent need to address and mitigate GHG emissions associated with GIE procedures. The key recommendations to create a healthier future for both patients and the planet are: 1. Efficient water management; 2. Adoption of eco-conscious healthcare practices; 3. Informed sustainability initiatives by hospitals; 4. Balancing excellence with environmental stewardship; and 5. Embracing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare operations for judicious use of resources.

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. April 2024

© 2024. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. All rights reserved.

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