Psychosoziale Belastungen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach Brandverletzung

 

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Zusammenfassung

Brandverletzte leiden unter psychischen und sozialen Folgebeeinträchtigungen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde geprüft, ob sich Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Zeitintervallen seit der Verbrennung im Hinblick auf psychosoziale Belastungen unterscheiden. Patienten, die in der Zeit zwischen 2006 und 2012 aufgrund einer Verbrennung stationär behandelt wurden, beantworteten Fragebögen zu Lebensqualität (Burn Specific Health Scale – Brief; BSHS-B), Angst und Depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Deutsche Version; HADS-D), posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS, Impact of Event Scale – Revidierte Version; IES-R), Stigmatisierung (Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire; PSQ) und sozialer Unterstützung (Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung; F-SozU-7). Auf Basis der unterschiedlichen Zeiträume zwischen Unfall und Erhebungszeitpunkt der Daten fand eine Einteilung der Stichprobe (146 Patienten) in 4 Gruppen statt. Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Ausmaß der psychischen Belastung. Auch lagen keine Differenzen in soziodemografischen und verbrennungsspezifischen Merkmalen vor. Insgesamt lagen 18 (12,4%) Patienten im Bereich Angst und 22 (15,2%) Personen im Bereich Depression bei einem Cut-off von ≥11 im HADS. Ein Verdacht auf die Diagnose einer PTBS konnte bei 16 (11,1%) Patienten gestellt werden. Bezüglich laufender Psycho(pharmako)therapie und dem Wunsch nach Psychotherapie glichen sich die Gruppen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf chronische psychische Beeinträchtigungen nach Verbrennungen hin. Psychosoziale Interventionen können daher auch noch mehrere Jahre nach der Brandverletzung indiziert sein.

Abstract

Burn injuries can result in long-term mental and physical health problems. We investigated if patients at different time periods since the burn injury differed with regard to psychosocial impairment. Patients who were treated as inpatients because of burn injury between 2006 and 2012 were asked about quality of life (Burn Specific Health Scale – Brief; BSHS-B), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Deutsche Version; HADS-D), posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale – Revised; IES-R), stigmatization (Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire; PSQ) and social support (Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung; F-SozU-7). The sample (146 patients) was divided into 4 groups according to the time period elapsed since the burn injury. There were no significant differences in psychosocial distress between the 4 groups. The same applied to sociodemographic and burn specific variables. 18 (12.4%) patients had the cutoff of ≥11 for anxiety and 22 (15.2%) for depression on the HADS; 16 (11.1%) patients screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No differences were found for current psycho(pharmaco)therapy and the wish for psychotherapy. The results suggest persistence of psychosocial burden over time after burn injury. Psychosocial interventions might thus be indicated even many years after burn injuries.

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