CC BY 4.0 · Organic Materials 2023; 05(03): 175-183
DOI: 10.1055/a-2145-4763
Original Article

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) with Well-Defined End Groups and Narrow Dispersity

Christian Beck
a   Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
,
Peter Strohriegl
a   Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
› Author Affiliations


Abstract

A series of PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]) polymers were synthesized using a Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto coupling. Polymers with different molecular weights and only one series of well-defined end groups were obtained with various amounts of a tailormade endcapper. This level of structural uniformity has not yet been described for PTAA. By using microwave heating, it was possible to shorten the reaction time from at least 1 day to 30 min. The synthetic strategy allows the separation of single PTAA oligomers with up to 6 repeating units and polymer fractions with low dispersities from 1.06 to 1.17 by using preparative size exclusion chromatography. The carrier mobilities of the PTAA oligomers and polymers were derived from organic field-effect transistors. Mobilities increase with increasing molecular weight of the PTAAs and are higher compared to commercially available PTAA samples.



Publication History

Received: 07 June 2023

Accepted after revision: 27 July 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
31 July 2023

Article published online:
07 September 2023

© 2023. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Wang J, Liu K, Ma L, Zhan X. Chem. Rev. 2016; 116: 14675
  • 2 Thelakkat M. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2002; 287: 442
  • 3 Rybakiewicz R, Zagorska M, Pron A. Chem. Pap. 2017; 71: 243
  • 4 Allard S, Forster M, Souharce B, Thiem H, Scherf U. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008; 47: 4070
  • 5 Calió L, Kazim S, Grätzel M, Ahmad S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016; 55: 14522
  • 6 Rombach FM, Haque SA, Macdonald TJ. Energy Environ. Sci. 2021; 14: 5161
  • 7 Veres J, Ogier S, Leeming S, Brown B, Cupertino D. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2001; 708: BB8.7
  • 8 Noh JH, Im SH, Heo JH, Mandal TN, Seok SI. Nano Lett. 2013; 13: 1764
  • 9 Heo JH, Im SH, Noh JH, Mandal TN, Lim C-S, Chang JA, Lee YH, Kim H, Sarkar A, Nazeeruddin MdK, Grätzel M, Seok SI. Nat. Photonics 2013; 7: 486
  • 10 Yang WS, Park B-W, Jung EH, Jeon NJ, Kim YC, Lee DU, Shin SS, Seo J, Kim EK, Noh JH, Seok SI. Science 2017; 356: 1376
  • 11 Ryu S, Noh JH, Jeon NJ, Chan Kim Y, Yang WS, Seo J, Seok SI. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014; 7: 2614
  • 12 Allen JV, Brown BA, Leeming SW, Morgan JD, Veres J. WO 00/78843 A1, 28.12.2000
  • 13 Zhang W, Smith J, Hamilton R, Heeney M, Kirkpatrick J, Song K, Watkins SE, Anthopoulos T, McCulloch I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009; 131: 10814
  • 14 Neumann K, Thelakkat M. RSC Adv. 2014; 4: 43550
  • 15 Scheler E, Strohriegl P. J. Mater. Chem. 2009; 19: 3207
  • 16 Zhang Z-B, Fujiki M, Tang H-Z, Motonaga M, Torimitsu K. Macromolecules 2002; 35: 1988
  • 17 Ballantyne AM, Chen L, Dane J, Hammant T, Braun FM, Heeney M, Duffy W, McCulloch I, Bradley DDC, Nelson J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008; 18: 2373
  • 18 Ko Y, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim Y, Jun Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018; 10: 11633
  • 19 Lee HKH, Li Z, Constantinou I, So F, Tsang SW, So SK. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014; 4: 1400768
  • 20 Nehls BS, Asawapirom U, Füldner S, Preis E, Farrell T, Scherf U. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004; 14: 352
  • 21 Galbrecht F, Bünnagel TW, Scherf U, Farrell T. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007; 28: 387
  • 22 Miteva T, Meisel A, Knoll W, Nothofer HG, Scherf U, Müller DC, Meerholz K, Yasuda A, Neher D. Adv. Mater. 2001; 13: a565
  • 23 Lawrence J, Goto E, Ren JM, McDearmon B, Kim DS, Ochiai Y, Clark PG, Laitar D, Higashihara T, Hawker CJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017; 139: 13735
  • 24 Müllen K, Wegner G. Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim; New-York: 2010
  • 25 Scheler E, Strohriegl P. Liq. Cryst. 2007; 34: 667
  • 26 Carter KR. Macromolecules 2002; 35: 6757
  • 27 Mitchell RH, Chen Y, Zhang J. Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1997; 29: 715
  • 28 Zysman-Colman E, Arias K, Siegel JS. Can. J. Chem. 2009; 87: 440
  • 29 Wollmann J, Kahle F-J, Bauer I, Köhler A, Strohriegl P. Macromolecules 2020; 53: 10137
  • 30 Hinderer F, May R, Jester S, Hoeger S. Macromolecules 2016; 49: 1816
  • 31 Veres J, Ogier S, Lloyd G, de Leeuw D. Chem. Mater. 2004; 16: 4543
  • 32 Hernandez-Perez AC, Collins SK. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013; 52: 12696