Typ-1-Diabetes und kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die langfristigen kardiovaskulären Folgen des Typ-1-Diabetes determinieren die Lebenserwartung betroffener Kinder und Jugendlicher. Risikofaktoren für deren Entwicklung sind eine längere Diabetesdauer bzw. Diabetesmanifestation im frühen Lebensalter, Hypertonie, Rauchen, hoher BMI sowie Fettstoffwechselstörungen. Das Management der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Typ-1-Diabetes beinhaltet zum einen Screeningsmaßnahmen zur frühzeitigen Aufdeckung der pathologischen Veränderungen und zum anderen eine Lebensstilanpassung im Sinne einer ausgewogenen, normokalorischen Ernährung, regelmäßiger Bewegung sowie ggf. einer medikamentösen lipid- bzw. blutdrucksenkenden Therapie.

Die Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zur standardisierten Erkennung und Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren bei jungen Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes sind bisher uneinheitlich formuliert und werden deshalb nicht immer im klinischen Alltag angewendet bzw. umgesetzt. Dies führt zu einer relevanten Unterversorgung dieser Patientengruppe. Dem gilt es mit mehr Forschungsansätzen und der Entwicklung eines universellen Prozederes zur Diagnostik und Therapie der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren entgegenzuwirken.

Abstract

The long-term cardiovascular consequences of type 1 diabetes determine the life expectancy of affected children and adolescents. Risk factors for their development are a longer duration of diabetes or diabetes onset at an early age, hypertension, smoking, high BMI, and dyslipidemia. The management of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes includes screening measures for early detection of pathological changes on the one hand and lifestyle adjustment in terms of a balanced, normocaloric diet, regular exercise and, if necessary, lipid- or blood pressure-lowering therapy on the other hand.

The guidelines and recommendations for standardized detection and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in young people with type 1 diabetes have so far been formulated inconsistently and are therefore not always applied or implemented in clinical practice. This results in a relevant undertreatment of this patient group. This must be counteracted with more research approaches and the development of a universal procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors.

Publication History

Received: 24 August 2021

Accepted after revision: 03 December 2021

Article published online:
07 March 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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