Original InvestigationPathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney DiseaseDietary Patterns and Risk of Death and Progression to ESRD in Individuals With CKD: A Cohort Study
Section snippets
Study Population and Participants
The REGARDS Study is a population-based investigation of stroke incidence in black and white US adults 45 years or older. Details of the study design have been reviewed elsewhere.14 Briefly, the study was designed to provide approximately equal representation of men and women and oversampled individuals who were black, as well as individuals living in 8 Southeastern US states that have disproportionately higher stroke mortality than the rest of the United States, termed the “stroke buckle”
Study Participants
In general, higher consumption of the convenience and alcohol/salads dietary patterns (defined by greater proportion of participants in the fourth quartile as compared to the first) was associated with younger age, white race, male sex, higher income, and residence outside the Southeastern United States (Table 1). Higher consumption of the plant-based dietary pattern was associated with older age, black race, female sex, and residence within the Southeastern United States. Higher consumption of
Discussion
In participants with CKD from this large national cohort, higher scores for a dietary pattern characterized by fried foods, organ meats, and sweetened beverages—foods commonly found in Southern cuisines—were associated independently with higher risk of mortality. In contrast, higher consumption of a diet rich in fish, fruits, and vegetables was associated with lower mortality risk over time.
Prior studies have reported associations of dietary patterns with indexes of kidney health. A
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the other investigators, staff, and participants in the REGARDS Study for valuable contributions. A full list of participating REGARDS investigators and institutions can be found at www.regardsstudy.org.
Support: This study was supported by a cooperative agreement (grant U01 NS041588) from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr Gutiérrez was supported by NIH grants K23DK081673 (National Institute of Diabetes
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