Basic–alimentary tractEnterochromaffin Cells of the Human Gut: Sensors for Spices and Odorants
Section snippets
Cell Culture
BON cells (a gift from Th. Seufferlein, University of Ulm, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)/F-12 cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (both obtained from PAA Laboratories, Pasching, Austria) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere.
Laser Microdissection of Human EC Cells
Human EC cells were identified in sections by their immunoreactivity for vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1)16 and subsequently cut out by laser microdissection.17 To minimize RNA degradation,
Expression of ORs in Human EC Cells
Odorants are detected by the large family of ORs that belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Approximately 339 human genes are potential candidates for functional ORs.22, 23 An important property of ORs is that they display characteristic, partially overlapping ligand profiles. Thus, an odorant is detected by a combination of ORs. In this way, a multitude of odorants can be analyzed by a limited number of ORs.24, 25 At present, the ligand profiles for only a few human
Discussion
Previous investigations have shown that gastrointestinal EC cells act as sensors responding to mechanical stimulation or to nutrients, such as glucose and fatty acids, with secretion of serotonin.5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 The present study shows that, in addition, odorants trigger release of serotonin, which stimulates the submucosal sensory branch of the enteric nervous system,38, 39 and, via inter- and motorneurons, control gut motility and chloride secretion by enterocytes.4, 5, 6 Abnormalities
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2022, Comprehensive Analytical ChemistryIndividual and population diversity of 20 representative olfactory receptor genes in pigs
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Parts of this work originated within Thomas Braun’s doctoral thesis at the Medical Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich.
Supported by Graduate School 333 (Biology of Human Diseases) by a predoctoral research fellowship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to T.B.).
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T.B. and P.V. contributed equally to this work.