Study of Green Infrastructure and Community Resilience to Flood Disasters in Central Java

. According to BPBD data for Central Java Province, the potential area for flood hazard in Central Java Province is 1,875,623 Ha. From the area of the hazard, it is known that the flood hazard class is in the high class in 31 districts/cities in Central Java. This research examines green infrastructure and community resilience to flooding in Central Java. The research approach was carried out using a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). Data was taken from 100 respondents for each urban district (400 respondents). There are 2 research variables and indicators, namely green infrastructure and community resilience to flooding. There is a unidirectional relationship between the green infrastructure index and community resilience. In areas with a relatively high level of infrastructure, the resilience index also scores high (Klaten Regency). Likewise, in areas with relatively low levels of infrastructure, the resilience index also scores low (Demak Regency).


Introduction
Based on data from the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Central Java Province [9], the Central Java region is an area that needs to be wary of being prone to flooding.This is reinforced by the high number of flood events that occurred in the Central Java region.According to BPBD data for Central Java Province, the potential area for flood hazard in Central Java Province is 1,875,623 Ha.From the area of the hazard, it is known that the flood hazard class is in the high class in 31 districts/cities in Central Java.The potential population exposed to floods is 25,463,472 people.Meanwhile, the flood loss index is grouped into 2 (two) types, namely rupiah losses (physical and economic) and losses in the form of environmental damage.Physical and economic losses due to flooding in Central Java Province amounted to 79,846.4 billion rupiah, so it is in the high class, while the amount of environmental damage due to the flood disaster was 1,080 hectares which was also in the high class [5,8].Environmental damage can increase the risk of natural disasters.Cities located near the coast face a very large intensity of threats from climate change in the form of rising sea levels, tropical storms, floods, landslides, and heat and cold waves.The variation and intensity of the impact caused by these disaster threats are multidimensional and simultaneous with each other covering physical aspects -infrastructure, economy & business as well as socio-culture [ 2].Furthermore, Fankhauser and McDermott (2012) stated that, the impact resulting from climate change is not only a decrease in output/production levels, but also a decrease/slowdown in regional/city economic growth [3].
Green Infrastructure is a concept, effort, or approach to protecting the environment in a sustainable manner through arranging green open spaces and maintaining natural processes that occur in nature such as the rainwater cycle and soil conditions.The concept of green infrastructure is shaping environment with maintained natural processes; including rainwater management, water quality management, to flood mitigation.The direction of implementing green infrastructure is to support development communities by improving environmental conditions and maintaining open spaces green.Green Infrastructure is a 'green' plant-based element, 'green' technology and often low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure.Component 'Green' usually include: roadside trees, recreation zones, playgrounds, parks, forests, green belts, and river banks (Mayr, Alonso and Rouse, 2017).According to Sheng et.al ( 2023 This research examines green infrastructure and community resilience to flooding in Central Java.The main question to be answered is "How is green infrastructure related to community resilience to floods in the Central Java region?

Material
The research area covers 4 regencies/cities in Central Java Province including Tegal and Demak Regencies as well as Semarang and Pekalongan Municipalities.Details can be seen in Figure 1 below.

Methods
The research approach was carried out using a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative).The quantitative approach is carried out by scoring green infrastructure and community resilience variables (scale 1 -4).Meanwhile, a qualitative approach is used to find interactive patterns of disaster resilience relationships at the community scale.Data was taken from 100 respondents for each urban district (400 respondents).There are 2 research variables and indicators, namely green infrastructure, and community resilience to flooding.

Variables
Indicators Green infrastructure Greening activities and quality of natural resources

Community resilience to flooding
Social resilience and economic resilience 3 Result and Discussion

Community Assessment of Green Infrastructure
Community ratings in each district/city can be seen in table 3 below.Klaten Regency greenery is in the good category as much as 98%, so is the quality of natural resources in the good category as much as 96%.

Community Resilience Against Floods
Community ratings in each district/city can be seen in table 4 below.Klaten Regency has social resilience in the category of strong and very strong as much as 97%, while for the category of strong economic resilience it is as much as 70%.Total 100 100

The Relationship between Green Infrastructure and Community Resilience
There is a unidirectional relationship between the green infrastructure index and community resilience.In areas with a relatively high level of infrastructure, the resilience index also scores high (Klaten Regency).Likewise, in areas with relatively low levels of infrastructure, the resilience index also scores low (Demak Regency).For more details can be seen in table 5 and figure 3.

Conclusion
There is a unidirectional relationship between the green infrastructure index and community resilience.In areas with a relatively high level of green infrastructure (greening and quality of natural resources), the index of social and economic resilience also scores high (Klaten Regency).Likewise, in areas with a relatively low level of green infrastructure, the index of social and economic resilience also scores low (Demak Regency).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Region of Central Java Province

Table 3 .
Community Assessment of Green Infrastructure

Table 4 .
Community Resilience to Flood Disasters

Table 5 .
Comparison of Green Infrastructure and Community Resilience Figure 4. Comparison of green infrastructure index and community resilience in four districts/cities in Central Java.