Modeling violations of the plan for the formation of freight trains for the effective organization of the transportation process

. The purpose of the work is to model violations of the plan for the formation of freight trains for the effective organization and management of the transportation process by rail transport. For this, the methods of graphs and plural theory, formal modeling and systematic analysis are used. Factors causing violations of the plan for the formation of freight trains were identified and a hierarchy was developed. As a result of the analysis of the identified factors, violations of the plan for the formation of freight trains on the certain railway routes under JSC “O‘TY” were modeled. Based on the analysis of the modeling results, the levels of influence of their railway transport on the main operational performance indicators were determined. As a result, taking into account the inefficient time losses caused by violations of the plan for the formation of freight trains in determining the technical norm of work indicators also made it possible to reasonably normalize these indicators.


Introduction
In order to effectively organize and manage the transportation process of railway transport, it is necessary to monitor the implementation of the plan for the formation of freight trains at freight and technical stations (PFFT)and develop comprehensive measures to prevent and timely eliminate its violations [1][2][3][4].
When determining the efficiency of the transportation process, the indicators of the work of freight and technical stations (transit and standing time of local wagons, the ability to process and transfer the station, the time of standing of wagons in one freight operation, etc.) are determined.) the execution of plays an important role [10]. Therefore, it is considered necessary to model technological processes that are carried out at these stations in order to prevent and eliminate any violations of the performance of PFFT.

Methods
For modeling PFFT execution disorders, a rail route or section is initially selected. As an example for modeling, Chukhursoy-Sergeli-Angren, Chukhursoy-Nazarbek-Khovos, Chukhursoy-Khovos-Marokand railway routes under JSC "O'TY" were selected ( On the basis of Figure 1, the process of transportation, organization and control of wagon flows, PFFT can be described as plural. Therefore, in the mathematical modeling of PFFT execution disorders, plural theory is used. The plural is taken as follows: unification criterion -PFFT; objectwagons and trains. Hence, the official description of the model will consist of two plurals. To the composition of many PFFT "v (wagon) -According to PFFT (a wagon that goes at its destination)" includes wagons with the property. The train, which is made according to PFFT, is also composed of (P j ) and wagons with the same characteristic, i.e P j = {v, v ∈ PFFT} Under this condition, the wagons contained in the train will move at the destination stations specified in PFFT [3].
All freight wagons involved in the transportation process can be described as (v) many wagon streams (V).V According to the developed regulatory documents, many V should move according to PFFT [00], namely V = PFFT However, according to the results of the study on the dissertation work, it was found that the above condition is not met at the expense of PFFT violations in the process of compiling trains at freight and technical stations, namely
Hence, in practice, many PFFT and VPFFT associations form V, namely Many VPFFT can be expressed as follows there v ′ − wagon, according to VPFFT (wagon transferred from its destination to another address) In this case, a train configured with a VPFFT will form a ) (v from destination wagons in accordance with PFFT, which are not compatible with ) (v and PFFT, from wagons being transferred from their destination to another destination.
If, in the composition of the train formed at a particular station, 0 = v , then the entire composition is considered to be composed of VPFFT. Otherwise, that is, in the case of 0 =  v , the structured content will be according to PFFT.
Based on the implemented mathematical designations and Figure 1, the influence of PFFT on the main performance indicators of railway transport was modeled.

Results and Discussion
For the purpose of modeling and analysis of the effect of PFFT disorders on the transportation process, an approximate scheme of the transportation process was drawn ( fig.2)

Intermediate station
Place of inloading freight on the wagon.

Technical (sorting or precinct) and freight station
Transportation process Option 1

Option 2
Place of unloading freight from the wagon Option 3

Intermediate station
The place of unloading or inloading freight from the wagon In Figure 2, violations caused by sending wagons to the wrong destination in processes from initial load on the wagon to loading and unloading [4][5] were divided into 3 groups ( Figure 3): general by rail; in station work; in peregon.

Violation of PFFT
In station At peregon  As a result of the violation of PFFT, only trains that can originate in peregon can cause such consequences as a decrease in the speed of movement (Figure 3), a negative impact on the main operational indicators of railway transport, a decrease in the carrying capacity of railway sections, a slowdown in wagon flows, a decrease in the confidence of freight shippers in.
Based on pictures 1÷3, the effect of VPFFT on the transportation process was modeled. In this, railway lines ( Figure 1) can be expressed as an undirected graph using "Graph theory".
Expressed as 3 plurals of undirected graph elements (endsstations, edgesperegones, arcssections:  Based on the above, the effect of violations on the transportation process was modeled on the example of the following violations: (P ⊂ PFFT) 1) sending wagons to a route that does not correspond to PFFT [6]. If, at Ch station in Figure 1, all trains to stations N, X and S are made (P ⊂ PFFT) on the terms of PFFT As a result, VPFFT affects the transportation process as follows: a) increased load (l freight ) or empty (l empty ) flight of a wagon (v ′ ) or group of wagons subjected to VPFFT (negative); b) wagon turnover increase of (θ wag.turnover. ) (negative); c) increase in the imperfection of the working park of wagons (negative); d) reduced wagon stand time (positive for the station forming the train). e) the time of the process of assembly of wagons to the route on which the train is being formed with the violation of the PFFT is reduced by (t assem. ) (for example figure 6 Ch-s railway route for station C in the example of the P{S, M} train-positive, for station Mnegative, that is, leads to an increase in t assem. . 2) violation of the integrity of dispatch routes and passing trains [9]. If, on the terms of PFFT, a transitory train to station M at Station Ch in Figure 1 is drawn up by a (P o′ ⊂ VPFFT) according to (P pas ⊂ PFFT) or VPFFT ( fig.7). VPFFT affects the transportation process as follows: a) increased running time on the road (negative-due to the disconnection of the wagons of the N destination station at station X from the composition); b) wagon turnover increase of (θ wag.turnover. ) (negative); c) reduced speed of movement of trains (negative); d) for the stationnegative, that is, leads to an increase in t assem. . 3) failure to comply with the established drawing up plan procedure [10]. If, on the terms of the national train PFFT to the M station on the Ch station in Figure 1, A (P t ⊂ VPFFT) on (P t ⊂ PFFT) or VPFFT is formed (fig 8).  VPFFT affects the transportation process as follows: a) increased wagon standing time (negative); b) decrease in the speed of delivery of goods (negative); c) the time of the assembly process of wagons for station M at station X is a decrease in (t assem ) (if, provided for by PFFT) (positive); d) an increase in the level of employment of station roads X (negative). As a result of the modeling, it can be concluded that if VPFFT occurs, the train developer at the station (Ch in a given example) with a breakdown, The times of processing wagon flows for the station to which the train is being transferred will be reduced by (T St proc. ), but instead the T St proc. will increase for the station to which the PFFT wagon. It can be concluded that rail transport in general causes inefficient time losses in the transportation process.
In addition, the transport process is the main exploitation of the work indicators to some elements of the mathematical expressions Δ value is added.
Hence, it is advisable to analyze the results of modeling and assess the degree of their influence on the transportation process.

Conclusions
Analysis of the results of modeling railway transport in addition to the main parameters that make up mathematical expressions when establishing the normative values of the main operational performance indicators, taking into account the inefficient time losses caused by VPFFT also makes it possible to reasonably normalize these indicators. In addition, it also creates opportunities for an objective approach to analyzing, evaluating the actual performance of indicators and determining the level of economic losses caused by them.