Improving implementation of innovations in agriculture

. This article presents ways to improve the introduction of innovations in agriculture. One of the main factors in the growth of production and employment in agriculture is the application and wide distribution of innovations. Practice shows that innovation is the most important source of improving product quality, saving labor and material costs, increasing labor productivity, improving production and increasing industry efficiency. The results showed that the area of cereal crops in 1991 was 1079.9 thousand hectares, in 2020 it was 1578.3 thousand hectares, vegetable crops were 165.6 thousand hectares in 1991 to 220.0 thousand hectares in 2020, and potatoes were 40.0 thousand hectares in 1991 to 2020 increased by 89.6 thousand hectares. The total area of agricultural crops was 4200.0 thousand hectares in 1991 and 53309.4 thousand hectares in 2020, which was decreased. Noteworthy, innovative methods must be introduced for effective use of products, technology, and equipment, while employees’ qualifications must be improved to ensure the smooth implementation of these innovations.


Introduction
By implementing promising projects for the development of agrarian industries in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to introduce modern machinery, tools and equipment, technology and know-how to agrarian industries, first of all, to organize effective innovation and innovative activities and to carry out properly oriented innovative activities [1][2][3][4]. Attracting foreign investors through full use of innovative opportunities is the main task.
In order to implement this task at the level of agricultural sectors and economic entities, it is necessary to determine the directions of innovative policy based on the current requirements of economic development, implement innovative projects, and create a market for innovative products [4][5][6][7][8]. In order to carry out these works, it is necessary to train personnel who have a deep knowledge of the scientific bases and organizational forms of innovative activity [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9].
Continuous updating of the technical, technological and organizational base of agricultural production, increasing the productivity of agricultural plants and livestock, innovative activities that ensure the competitiveness of manufactured products in world markets, and encouraging the use of innovations are important for the sustainable development of the country's economy [9][10][11][12].
In the conditions of modernization of the economy, it is necessary to solve a number of problems in attracting innovations to the agricultural sector, because the processes of reforming the agrarian sector, priority development of farming, and extensive development of cooperatives are being carried out without stopping [1][2][3][7][8][9].
In this regard, the development of science-based mechanisms for the introduction of innovations in the agricultural sector, the improvement of the prospective organizationalmanagement methodology of the introduction of innovations, and the search for effective ways of their implementation become relevant and determine the directions of research [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
The problems of innovation in agriculture are becoming more and more relevant and are attracting the interest of many scientists, as evidenced by the ever-increasing volume of publications in foreign and domestic science. Ways to improve the introduction of innovations in agriculture theoretical and methodological foundations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .

Materials and methods
The rapid development of agricultural industries in Uzbekistan, the implementation of promising projects for the development of agrarian industries, the introduction of modern machinery, tools and equipment, technology and know-how to new agricultural industries, first of all, the organization of effective innovation and innovative activities and the implementation of properly oriented innovative activities cleans up [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Attracting foreign investors through full use of innovative opportunities is the main task.
In order to carry out this task at the level of agricultural sectors and economic entities, it is necessary to define innovative policy directions based on the current requirements of economic development, implement innovative projects, and create a market for innovative products. In order to carry out these works, it is necessary to train personnel who have a deep knowledge of the scientific bases and organizational forms of innovative activity [4][5][6][7][8][9].
Innovation is an activity or activity that involves the use of new knowledge, know-how embodied in new technologies, new combinations of production factors, as well as having the goal of creating new products that can perform new characteristic tasks with a much higher market potential, or eliminating the negative consequences of destructive processes. is the result [1][2]. That is, innovation can be considered as the result of the transformation of ideas, research, development, new or perfect scientific-technical or socio-economic decisions.
Innovation is an achievement of science and technology development implemented in economic, social and environmental terms. As a result of the reforms carried out in the agrarian sector of our country's economy, in various ownership-based economic entities, which are entering the path of solid economic growth, first of all, the sense of ownership of property, the results of their labor, and the increase in the efficiency of agricultural production, including cotton and grain production, through the mechanism of material interest. is creating the ground [1][2][3][4]. Cotton growing is an important commodity sector in the republic's agriculture. Its importance in the economy of the country is very great and it is the main currency resource. Uzbekistan's generous nature, warm climate, land, water and rich labor resources, the experience of its people over the centuries, and farming culture ensured that cotton growing became a profitable industry. That's why its high performance in cotton cultivation determined its great position in the world [5][6][7][8][9] The development of science in the field of cotton farming, the use of modern techniques and technologies in the industry, the level of development of the industry for the production of technical tools for cotton farming, the creation of new agrotechnical methods, the great scientific potential accumulated in the field of cotton selection and seed breeding, the experiences accumulated in the industry and trained qualified specialists today make our republic the world's leading cotton producer. laid the foundation for becoming one of the growing countries [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, in the development of the agrarian sector economy, the importance of the cotton sector is high in agriculture. A cotton farmer today earns a high income from his labor and is engaged in the development of production, acquiring entrepreneurial skills [2][3][4]. Table 1 below shows the dynamics of changes in the area of agricultural crops. According to the table, the area of cereal crops in 1991 was 1079.9 thousand hectares, in 2020 it was 1578.3 thousand hectares, vegetable crops were 165.6 thousand hectares in 1991 to 220.0 thousand hectares in 2020, and potatoes were 40.0 thousand hectares in 1991 to 2020 increased by 89.6 thousand hectares. The total area of agricultural crops was 4200.0 thousand hectares in 1991 and 53309.4 thousand hectares in 2020, which was decreased. However, the year-by-year decrease in arable land has not affected the volume of agricultural products. Q is mainly the volume of agricultural products is provided due to the intensive development of agriculture , including increasing the productivity of crops [1][2][3][4].  Table 2 showed the dynamics of agricultural production in the Republic. As can be seen from the data in the table, over the past 20 years, the gross yield of the main types of crops had a constant growth rate. In particular, in 2020, compared to 1991, grain from 1899 thousand tons to 7437.8 thousand tons, vegetables from 2843 thousand tons to 10215.1 thousand tons, potatoes increased from 336 thousand tons to 3089.2 thousand tons, rice products from 1000 tons to 2068.7 thousand tons, fruits from 660 thousand tons to 2752.7 thousand tons, grapes from 745 thousand tons to 1749.9 thousand tons [1][2][3][4][5]. It should be emphasized that during the years of independence, the increase in the volume of agricultural products was ensured not only due to the expansion of cultivated areas, but mainly due to intensive development, such as increasing the productivity of crops. In order to increase the efficiency of the produced products, it is necessary to rationally implement works and activities that ensure the saving of production and management costs. For this purpose, it is necessary to mechanize production, harvest, storage processes, full and effective use of means of production, introduction of new equipment, advanced technologies, material and moral stimulation of employees. Based on the results of the research, in the future, it is advisable to maintain the cotton cultivation areas in the Republic at around 95-100 thousand hectares during periods of normal water supply. Because this amount makes up 25-30% of the total cultivated area in years with good water supply, and the cotton fields of such weight make it possible to follow scientifically based crop rotation system in the agriculture of the Republic of Karakalpakistan.

Results and discussion
In some cases, unplanned planting of cotton in unplanned fields or planting of cotton in fields with low productivity and high soil salinity causes significant financial damage to the economy of cotton-growing farmers. This damage should be assessed as damage to the republic's economy. Wide implementation of resource-saving innovative technologies in our country is important. Cotton farming is developing in the republic as a result of the use of innovative technologies. Experiments show that this drug has a positive effect on the growth and development of the tumor. It was also noted that the number of bolls, buds, bolls and bolls of cotton in the control field was much lower than that of cotton in other fields.
From the experiments, it was found that as the rate of use of Gumimax drug decreases, the weight of cotton raw material in one bag decreases proportionally. Calculations show that the cotton yield in the fields where Gumimax was applied was 2.2-4.2 q/ha higher than the control fields. When the Gumimax drug was applied at the rate of 0.3 l/ha at the beginning of the cotton budding and flowering period, the yield was the highest -3 4.4 q/ha. According to the results, the economic efficiency of the Gumimax drug is high, and its use ensures an additional yield of 3.68 q/ha from 1 hectare of cotton area. It was found that calculations based on the results of the analysis showed that the use of the drug "Gumimaxdvoynaya sila" increased the yield of cotton, the weight of the first grade in the raw material of cotton increases, the average sales estimate and the level of profitability were high (Table 3). According to Table 4, the yield when treated with the drug "Gumimax-dvoynaya sila" was 29 centners, compared to the yield in the untreated state (25 q/ha) by 4 centners, compared to the yield in the suspension treatment (26 q/ha) by 3 centners , yield increased by 2 centners when treated with gumimax+suspension (27 q/ha). It was reported that the increase in productivity had an effect on the increase in profit and the increase in the level of profitability. The rate of profitability was 34 percent in the treatment with the drug "Gumimax-dvoynaya sila", and cotton cultivation in the untreated state has increased by 13 points compared to the rate of profitability. Based on the comparative analysis, the same result can be seen for the above factors. Here, efficiency is formed by the influence of all factors, and it consists in getting more profit with less cost. Currently, practical work on the use of drip irrigation is being carried out in our country. Drip irrigation allows not only to save water, but also to increase land productivity, prevent environmental pollution, drastically reduce the amount of wastewater, improve the quality of water in water sources, and ensure environmental safety.

Conclusions
Innovations play a vital role in increasing agricultural production, improving product quality, and reducing labor and material costs, resulting in increased efficiency and competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. To achieve these benefits, several innovations such as improving irrigation and water-saving technologies, enhancing soil fertility, developing resource-saving technologies for vegetables, creating new crop varieties, and implementing specific cultivation methods should be implemented.
Furthermore, innovative methods must be introduced for effective use of products, technology, and equipment, while employees' qualifications must be improved to ensure the smooth implementation of these innovations.
Finally, it is crucial to organize innovation activities effectively and analyze agricultural enterprise activities to comply with the rules of introducing innovations.