Conceptual methodological framework for integrated human settlements’ development planning

. Comprehensive development of human settlements ensures balanced and sustainable development. This result is achieved by improving the quality of the urban environment, creating conditions for social improvement, the development of transport infrastructure, the improvement of the architectural and operational characteristics of construction objects, as well as the housing conditions of the population. Integrated development of territories of settlements should be considered as a system, the general vector of development of which is characterized by increasing the satisfaction of the quality of life and needs of the population here and now, as well as in the foreseeable future. At the same time, the balance between all elements of the system has to be observed. Of particular interest for the purposes of sustainable development is integrated planning and efficient development of unused industrial areas. The article deals with the concept of planning integrated development of territories and proposes a model of sustainable development of land of settlements.


Introduction
Rapid urbanisation is generating a range of problems related to environmental, social, and transport sustainability of urban areas.
The current practice of spatial planning does not set as its main objective the sustainable interaction of economic entities and the natural framework. Widespread environmental pollution from stationary and mobile sources, reduction of the number of green areas, construction of residential and industrial facilities on previously drained land leads to disastrous consequences for society as a whole and for people in particular [1].
Effective long-term spatial planning should be based on indicators of sustainable development, which are used by the administrations of settlements to build model forecasts of socioeconomic growth and to develop a clear strategy to address problematic issues in the spatial development of municipalities.
Integrated territorial development is an important tool to stimulate rational land use, which in turn leads to higher rates of development of territorial complexes and the achievement of a high level and quality of life of the population.
In order to constructively assess the long-term consequences of current decisions, it is necessary to build a model of integrated spatial development based on the agglomeration principle, according to which the region is divided into large and small agglomerations, each of which is divided in turn into smaller cells and described by a number of interrelated indicators characterising environmental, economic, and social state of the territory.

Materials and methods
The key idea of long-term regional development is a comprehensive combination of socioenvironmental and economic perspectives, so the elements of the model of sustainable development of human settlements land are in interaction with each other [2].
The model of sustainable development of urban areas has a dual, cross-sectoral nature consists of three subsystems (Fig. 1.): 1. Socio-economic, which includes measures ensuring: Design of engineering infrastructure facilities based on local renewable energy sources.
Calculation of the number of parking spaces on the basis of demographic and economic indicators of the territory development.
Determining the cadastral value of land plots, taking into account its environmental condition and natural value.
2. Socio-environmental, stipulating: Mandatory use of in-house energy-saving technologies. Humane number of floors of residential buildings, taking into account a sufficient level of insolation of residential premises and leading to a safe and comfortable living environment.
Preservation of national architectural traditions.

economic and environmental, ensuring:
Application of the system of separate collection of solid domestic waste. Preservation of especially valuable territories and objects. Long-term regional planning based on integrated development of the territory. Socioecological parameters characterise natural resources not only as an environment of human activity, but also as a factor determining health and conditions of human activity.
The economic and ecological components reflect both the impact of human economic activity on the natural environment and measures for its restoration and prevention of ecological disturbances.
Only when all three subsystems interact comprehensively and in an interdisciplinary way, urban areas develop sustainably.

Results
Integrated area development is not a new institution for Russia, because before changes in urban planning legislation, activities were implemented as part of the same integrated sustainable area development, the main objective of which is to form an integral structure of urban space with a modern appearance, including residential and public and business areas with new utilities, as well as green areas that improve the environmental parameters of transformed neighbourhoods. Integrated development of both residential and nonresidential zones aims at: transformation of dilapidated and dilapidated buildings, creating comfortable living conditions, improving the environmental parameters of the urban environment, modernisation of transport and engineering infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of urban land use. [3] Moscow was the first city to implement a new tool for re-development of inefficiently used urban spaces.

Fig. 2. A logical framework for the decision-making and implementation of non-residential redevelopment projects
Moscow is a monocentric city with a concentration of all socially important functions in the central part of the city, which leads to a large concentration of human and traffic flows in one part of the city. Intensive development of inefficiently used residential and industrial territories could change the monocentricity to polycentricity, thus resolving a whole range of socio-environmental and economic problems.
The industrial zones of the "old Moscow" are located on an area of 20 thousand hectares, formed back in the era of the USSR. Most of these areas are occupied by working enterprises, but 17% of this area is occupied by 'depressed areas', which are the ruins of former factories, and it does not make economic sense to restore them.
In 2021, the Industrial Areas redevelopment programme was launched to create new 'growth zones' for city residents and businesses and to transform the former industrial 'exclusion zones' into livable areas with developed social, engineering and transport infrastructure, high-tech residential complexes and a good environmental situation.
There are two ways to implement projects to transform industrial zones: at the initiative of local authorities, at the initiative of the rightholders. The structural and logical scheme of decision-making and implementation of nonresidential redevelopment projects is presented in Figure 2.
When independently implementing the decision on the complex development of the area, stages 1, 4, 5 are applied, when tenders are held -stages 1-5.

Conclusion
Today, if owners cannot clean up the abandoned areas on their own, the city has the right to hold an auction to allow other investors to transform the areas into modern neighbourhoods. [4] Like any investment project, the redevelopment process, including industrial redevelopment, must be economically justified and aimed at increasing the value of the land plot and the property located on it and, as a consequence, increasing the possibility of selling this land plot and its improvements on the real estate market.
The commercial efficiency of such projects is due to increased budgetary, social and other effects. This manifests itself in an increase in the number of jobs and, as a consequence, an increase in tax revenues, as well as in the development of social infrastructure and other positive effects.
When implementing industrial zone renovation projects, investors may encounter a number of structural problems related to: 1. Incomplete legislation in terms of shaping the boundaries of the renovation area. 2. Lack of transparent mechanisms for the purchase of withdrawn capital construction projects.
3. Exclusion of local residents from the discussion of the integrated development project of the area.
Only 50% of the renovation area shall be occupied by the buildings to be demolished, while the remaining buildings may be in good condition for living and performing various types of activities that may lead to discontent on the part of their owners.
At the stage of decision-making on renovation, there are no procedures for public hearings on the areas to be transformed, which can lead to increased social tension between society and the investors implementing the complex development.
Therefore, when such projects are implemented, it is necessary to form a legislative framework regulating the balance of public and private interests by clearly establishing the criteria for degradation of "depressed territories" and by including the results of positive public hearings on the project as part of the mandatory documentation when it is considered by local self-government bodies.
The proposed methodology of integrated community development planning contributes to solving a number of problems, such as the lack of a transparent mechanism for buying out territories and real estate located on them, difficulties in the formation of territorial boundaries, and many others. Most of these problems are solved at the local or regional level, remaining within the legal framework of federal legislation. [5] In particular, for the implementation of integrated territorial development projects initiated by local authorities, it is proposed to supplement the measures stipulated by the RF Civil Code with some additional steps that are designed to increase the feasibility of such projects, reduce the risks of opposition to such projects from property owners and, on the contrary, make them supporters of the projects and, ultimately, improve the quality of the urban environment, taking into account the interests of all interested parties. [6]