Reducing the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment in the light of the concept of sustainable development

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Introduction
The extensive development of human societies has led to a complex and complicated situation in the modern world. The past centuries have witnessed huge energy production, economic growth, increased life expectancy and higher literacy rates [1]. These achievements, however, have created many obstacles to sustainability. Increasing globalization has also led to the emergence of sustainability crises beyond traditional geographical boundaries. Sustainable development is the result of increasing international awareness of environmental, social and economic issues, as well as issues such as poverty, inequality and the living situation of future generations.
Sustainable development strongly combines environmental, social and economic themes. Research devoted to this area seeks to correct the problematic and one-dimensional trajectory of development that has been followed over the past centuries. As a result, present and future generations can live on Earth with a higher level of life satisfaction and prosperity. International organizations have highlighted many problems that need to be solved, although countries do not show the necessary motivation to practice and implement policies through international cooperation. In fact, countries around the world do not seem to share such concerns. Meanwhile, although people generally agree that sustainable societies benefit everyone, different institutions have different understandings of the concept of sustainability and how to achieve it [2].
Sustainable development involves the involvement of the world's education systems in the work for a more sustainable future. We can briefly say that sustainability is seen as a long-term goal, whereas sustainable development refers to many processes and paths necessary to achieve sustainability. In other words, sustainable development is the process of achieving sustainability as the ultimate goal [3].
However, a large number of problems with sustainability are associated with the structure of human knowledge and its inability to perfectly analyze the dynamism and complexity of the world. Sustainable development is a concept based on a systemic perspective. It is clear that systems involving numerous elements regulated by complex relationships assume a high degree of uncertainty. Explaining, understanding and improving the Sustainable Development Goals requires a flexible process of analyzing dynamism, complexity and uncertainty. Such a process should be based on the interaction between social, economic and environmental systems.

Materials and methods
In the process of preparing the work, monographs and articles by a number of domestic and foreign authors were studied, and comparative, comparative and analytical research methods were also used in data analysis. Results. Anthropogenic impact on the environment is caused by various factors. As the population grows, the consumption of resources such as water, energy, food and raw materials increases. This leads to an increase in production, exploitation of natural resources and generation of waste, which in turn leads to an increase in emissions of toxic substances, soil and water pollution, and climate change [4].
Technological progress leads to an increase in production and consumption, as well as to the development of new industries that may be associated with large emissions of pollutants into the environment. For example, the production of electronics, which requires the use of various toxic substances, such as lead, cadmium, mercury and others. Land-use change, such as deforestation, riverbed changes, urban development, etc., can lead to deterioration of soil, water and air quality, as well as to a decrease in biodiversity and ecosystem services. The use of chemicals such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agriculture can lead to contamination of soil and water with toxic substances, as well as to a decrease in biodiversity and human and animal health.
In general, the anthropogenic impact on the environment is caused by many factors related to increased resource consumption, technological progress, land use change, the use of fossil fuels and chemicals. These factors are mainly caused by economic and social processes, such as population growth, the development of industrialization, the globalization of the economy, inappropriate management and much more.
It is important to note that the mechanism of anthropogenic impact on the environment is a complex and multiparametric process that includes various types of impacts on the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. For example, emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere can lead to acid rain, which can damage vegetation cover and worsen the quality of soil and water. Emissions of toxic substances into the water can lead to pollution of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water, which can kill fish and other aquatic animals and lead to a shortage of drinking water [5].
Thus, anthropogenic impact on the environment is a complex process that requires an integrated approach to understand and manage it. It is important to develop measures that will reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and ensure the sustainable development of the planet.
There are many studies devoted to the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment. The main risks identified in the literature are presented in Fig. 1. Let's consider these risks in more detail. There are many studies devoted to the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment. Let's consider the main risks highlighted in the literature. 1. Climate change. This is one of the main risks associated with anthropogenic impact on the environment. The main causes of climate change are the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxide caused by the burning of fossil fuels and other industrial processes, as well as the use of land for agriculture, logging and development. Gorenje Climate change can lead to an increase in sea levels, deterioration of water quality, droughts, floods, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, a threat to the life and health of people and animals. 2. Water pollution. One of the main risks of anthropogenic impact on water is pollution of water resources by industrial and household waste, as well as agricultural waste and pesticides. This can lead to deterioration of water quality and a threat to human and animal health.
3. Soil pollution. One of the main risks of anthropogenic impact on the soil is its contamination with toxic substances, such as heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products and other chemicals. This can lead to a deterioration in soil quality, a decrease in yield and a threat to human and animal health. 4. Destruction of biodiversity. One of the main risks of anthropogenic impact on biodiversity is the destruction of natural ecosystems, including forests, oceans, rivers and reservoirs. This can lead to the loss of living space for many species of animals and plants, a decrease in biodiversity, as well as the deterioration of ecosystem services, such as water and air purification. 5. Impact on human health. Anthropogenic environmental impacts can negatively affect human health, including the risks of poisoning with toxic substances, infectious diseases associated with water and soil pollution, as well as risks associated with climate change, such as allergies and respiratory diseases. 6. Risks associated with the use of fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels is associated with the risk of environmental pollution, including greenhouse gas emissions and other toxic substances, as well as the risk of accidents and catastrophes on oil platforms, in coal mines and in transport. 7. Risks associated with the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agriculture can lead to contamination of soil and water with toxic substances, as well as to a decrease in biodiversity and human and animal health [6].
In general, anthropogenic impact on the environment poses a serious risk to the health and well-being of humans and animals, as well as to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This requires increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve waste management and water and soil pollution, and promote sustainable forms of production and consumption.
The concept of sustainable development is one of the main tools for environmental protection. It is based on the principles of a balance of economic, social and environmental development, which ensures that the needs of the modern generation are met without prejudice to future generations.
The concept of sustainable development includes a number of measures to protect the environment, presented in Fig. 2 [7]: These activities include the following: reduction of environmental pollution. This process includes the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, the purification of water resources and the disposal of waste. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to use energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies; protection of biodiversity. In order to protect ecosystems and preserve biodiversity, it is necessary to limit the intensive use of land, including protected areas. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen control over illegal deforestation, control the use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture; management of natural resources. To reduce the degradation of natural resources, it is necessary to strengthen control over the extraction of minerals, as well as organize the efficient use of energy, water and other resources; raising environmental awareness of society. For the successful implementation of the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary to raise the level of awareness of the population on environmental issues and sustainable development. This will allow people to make informed decisions in favor of preserving the environment.
In general, environmental protection and the implementation of the concept of sustainable development are closely linked. The implementation of this concept will help to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and ensure a more sustainable development of our planet.
Manufacturing companies play an important role in the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The degree of environmental impact of manufacturing companies can be significant and varied, depending on the nature of production and the technologies used.
Some examples of the environmental impact of manufacturing companies include: emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, including emissions of vapors and gases from production processes, emissions of toxic substances from waste and emissions of exhaust gases and combustion products; emissions of water pollutants, including waste, flushes and wastewater that may contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, petroleum products, chemical compounds, etc.; industrial sludge and waste that may contain toxic substances and have a negative effect on soil, water and human health; use of energy and natural resources, which may lead to an additional burden on the environment and to the exhaustion of resources; changing natural conditions, including destruction of ecosystems, deforestation and soil degradation; the implementation of noise, vibration and other types of environmental pollution that can negatively affect the health of humans and animals [8].
In general, the impact of manufacturing companies on the environment depends on many factors, including the nature of production, the technologies and methods of waste disposal used, as well as compliance with relevant norms and requirements of environmental safety. However, of course, manufacturing companies should make every effort to reduce the negative impact on the environment and ensure sustainable development.
Results. The situation with the pollution of nature by industrial enterprises in the world remains a very serious problem. Despite significant efforts by Governments and international organizations to limit the impact of industry on the environment, air, water and soil pollution continues to be high.
Some regions of the world, such as China and India, face particularly serious air pollution problems. Emissions of gases and toxic substances from manufacturing companies are the main causes of such pollution in these regions. Similar problems exist in other countries where industrial production is an important component of the economy [9].
Water pollution is also a serious problem in many regions of the world. Manufacturing companies often discharge their wastewater into rivers and lakes, which leads to pollution of water resources and harmful consequences for the health of animals and people.
The concept of sustainable development means that our economic and social systems must be organized in such a way as to meet the needs of today's generation, without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. One of the main aspects of this concept is the need to reduce the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment.
There are many ways to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Thus, improving the energy efficiency of buildings, transport and industrial processes reduces energy consumption, which reduces emissions of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances. Solar, wind, hydropower and other energy sources that are not exhaustible and do not pollute the environment can replace fossil fuels.
The use of technologies for recycling of waste helps reduce their quantity and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The implementation of technologies that pollute the environment less, for example, technologies without waste, helps to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment.
Reducing the consumption of resources, environmentally friendly goods and reducing the amount of waste helps reduce the negative impact on the environment. Green spaces, including forests, parks, gardens and other green areas, help reduce air and water pollution, preserve biodiversity and improve people's quality of life. Reducing pollution of water resources, forests and other natural resources helps preserve them for the future.
These are just a few examples of how the anthropogenic impact on the environment can be reduced. In general, it is necessary to solve complex tasks that will help ensure sustainable development and preserve the biodiversity of our planet.
To reduce the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to take a set of measures, including the following aspects [10]: 1. Reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. To do this, it is necessary to use energy-efficient technologies, such as renewable energy sources, as well as use mass media instead of a personal car. 2. Reduction of emissions into water and soil. It is necessary to use more efficient wastewater treatment and waste management systems, as well as apply measures to prevent soil contamination with chemicals and pesticides. 3. Reducing resource consumption and increasing their efficiency. This can be achieved through the use of more efficient production technologies, processing and use of resources, as well as through the introduction of a circular economy, when waste becomes raw materials for the production of new goods. 4. Improving environmental literacy of the population and more effective risk management. It is important to raise public awareness of environmental problems and take measures to manage risks associated with various environmental problems, such as climate change, air and water pollution, destruction of natural ecosystems, etc.
In general, to reduce the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to take measures at the international, national and regional levels [11].
In addition, in order to reduce the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is also necessary to strengthen international cooperation and coordination in the field of environmental policy and risk management. It is important to conduct joint research, exchange experience and transfer best practices in solving environmental problems and risk management.
For example, international agreements such as the Paris Climate Agreement, the UN Convention for the Protection of Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change provide frameworks for international cooperation in reducing the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment. There are also many regional and national initiatives to reduce risks, such as the European Union on Climate and Energy Policy, the US Agreement on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions, etc.
It must be said that, on the one hand, production activities can lead to environmental pollution, emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and water resources, as well as to a negative impact on biodiversity. On the other hand, companies can implement environmental standards and measures that reduce the negative impact on the environment.
One of the main tasks of manufacturing companies is to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and water resources. To do this, it is necessary to apply modern technologies and use equipment that reduces the harmful impact on the environment. Companies can also use renewable energy sources, which reduces atmospheric pollution [12].
Waste management is an important aspect of environmental protection. Manufacturing companies should take care of proper waste disposal and the choice of technologies that reduce the amount of waste. Companies can also implement waste recycling and resource recycling systems.
The protection of biodiversity is also an important aspect of environmental protection. Companies should take into account the impact of their activities on ecosystems and take measures to preserve biodiversity. For example, companies can organize regular environmental monitoring, use methods of ecological landscape planning and create ecological corridors to preserve the migration routes of animals.
In addition, manufacturing companies can also play an important role in raising environmental awareness and responsibility among the population. They can conduct information campaigns, training programs and consultations for the public, as well as interact with the public and environmental organizations to implement projects aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment [13].
It is important to note that manufacturing companies are not the only sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment, and that environmental protection requires a broad interdisciplinary approach and efforts on the part of all participants in society. However, manufacturing companies can contribute to solving the problem of anthropogenic impact on the environment and creating a sustainable future for everyone.

Conclusion
Reducing the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment is a global task that requires coordination of efforts at the international, national and local levels. Only through joint efforts and the adoption of comprehensive measures can we achieve sustainable development, preserve natural resources for future generations and ensure the viability of the planet as a whole.
Manufacturing companies can reduce the negative impact on the environment by applying modern technologies, managing waste, preserving biodiversity and implementing environmental standards. It is important to understand that manufacturing companies are responsible for their contribution to the anthropogenic impact on the environment and must act responsibly, taking into account not only their economic interests, but also the interests of society and the environment.
The situation with the pollution of nature by industrial enterprises requires constant attention and efforts on the part of governments, companies and the public. It is necessary to take measures to reduce emissions of pollutants and improve waste disposal methods, as well as to tighten environmental safety standards and requirements. In addition, it is necessary to promote the use of environmentally friendly technologies and energy in order to reduce the impact of production on the environment.