Evaluation of the wind comfort of a person in the Krasnodar territory

. The purpose of the study is to analyze and identify the most unfavorable pedestrian comfort zones in the Krasnodar Territory. The article uses a methodology for assessing pedestrian comfort, which takes into account the distribution of wind speeds along the wind rose, the pulsation component and the average wind speed, the duration of the manifestation of wind speeds in a certain direction. The assessment of comfort occurs according to three levels of comfort, the excess of which indicates the negative impact of wind on a person. As a result of the work, calculations were carried out according to the methodology used. Cartographic materials have been created and the most unfavorable wind zones have been identified, where the critical value of pedestrian comfort is exceeded.


Introduction
One of the most actual issues of our time is the climatic comfort in the city [1][2][3]. The form of urban development, local microclimate, thermal comfort influences the formation of wind processes [4,5]. There are many different approaches and ways to assess the climatic comfort of urban areas. One of these methods is to assess the aerodynamic comfort of pedestrian zones.
Many different programs have been developed to evaluate aerodynamic pedestrian comfort. At the international level, this problem has been dealt with for a long time. It is possible to identify some standards for assessing pedestrian comfort. In America, norms based on the research of T.V. Lawson are relevant, in Japan, based on the research of A.F.E. Weiss and A.D. Pendwarden [6].
This article considers and use the methodology described in the Guidance Documents in Construction 20-1.2006 "Temporary recommendations for the assignment of loads and impacts acting on multifunctional high-rise buildings and complexes in Moscow" [7]. This technique was developed in Russia, but still has no legal force. This evaluation method was chosen due to the relevance of the value of aerodynamics in the settlements, which is one of the most important indicators. It can be used in the design of residential neighborhoods within the city or outside it.

Objects and methods of research
The methodology for assessing pedestrian comfort is calculated by the formula (1) [8]: (1) where: -the wind speed, -the duration of the appearance of wind speeds , greater than some critical value, , -the limit value . There are three established comfort levels by which the assessment takes place (Table 1).
where: -the interval for measuring wind speed н at weather stations is usually 3 hours, -the probability of exceeding the critical value by speed . In this technique, the wind speed is the sum of the pulsation and average components of the wind load. The pulsation component is calculated according to the method described in the Set of Rules "SP 20.13330.2011. Loads and impacts" [9].
The pulsation component is calculated by the formula (3): where: -is the average wind speed calculated for the selected wind direction, -is the wind pressure pulsation coefficient, -is the spatial correlation coefficient of wind pressure pulsations.
The wind pressure pulsation coefficient is calculated according to Table 2, where is the equivalent height; A, B, C are terrain types [11].  The equivalent height for buildings was defined as the height of the building approximately equal to the dimensions of the building in the direction perpendicular to the calculated wind direction.
For terrain types A, B, C, the following values are accepted: A -open coasts of seas, lakes and reservoirs, rural areas, including buildings with a height of less than 10 m, deserts, steppes, forest-steppe, tundra.
B -urban areas, woodlands and other areas evenly covered with obstacles over 10 m high.
C -urban areas with dense buildings with a height of more than 25 m. The main coordinate plane is shown in Figure 1 [13]. The coefficients χ and ρ are calculated according to Table 4.

Results and discussions
The cartographic images presented below were created in the ArcMap software package using the Geostatistical Analyst tool package [12]. Calculations were made on two levels of comfort at key points and maps were created for all wind directions. Maps of wind speed exceeding 6 m/s and 12 m/s in the main wind directions are shown in Figure 2, and in Figures 3, 4 for the rest. Figure 5 shows a map of the comfort of the areas of the Krasnodar region in excess of wind speed.    The territory of the Krasnodar region is generally favorable in terms of wind comfort, except for local critical wind speed exceedances specified above, where the critical excess is due to the terrain. It should also be noted the huge influence of forests, orientation and morphology of their surroundings on the formation of wind processes, which is especially important for taking into account this factor in the city [14,15].
It should be added that the excess of critical wind speeds is observed mainly in the autumn-winter period of time. Therefore, when choosing a permanent residence on the Black Sea coast, which is an excellent resort in the summer, it is recommended to take into account the aerodynamic pedestrian comfort considered in the framework of the above study.

Conclusion
According to the data obtained, there is an excess of wind speeds of 6 m/ s in the northern part of the region, this is due to the flat type of relief that does not interfere with wind flows. The excess is 1100-1400 hours per year, this indicator is critical. For the data calculated according to the second level of comfort, critical exceedances are observed in the area of the city of Anapa in the southern direction and the city of Novorossiysk in the north-eastern wind direction.
There are also significant exceedances of wind comfort indicators in general in the area of the cities of Anapa, Novorossiysk and, to a lesser extent, the cities of Gelendzhik, the Crimean and Abinsky districts. In the area of the cities of Anapa and Novorossiysk, the excess is significant in the north-easterly wind direction, which is due to the local terrain.
Thus, the importance of local winds in the formation of climatic conditions is very high [3]. Critical exceedances of these indicators can negatively affect the physical condition of a person.