Using some strategies in simultaneous interpreting process

. This article analyzes the strategies that serve to facilitate the work of the translator in the process of simultaneous translation. Most of the simultaneous translation researchers understand the strategy as a necessary skill or certain skills of the conference interpreter in processing the message when translating from the source language to the target language. In simultaneous translation, the interpreter uses several strategies at the same time. The decision is usually made on a case-by-case basis. It was also suggested that linguistic and extralinguistic factors influence this situation.


Introduction
The active development of economic, political and cultural relations between different countries, as well as the scale of international cooperation in the field of education, science and art, make translation work one of the most demanding types of activity, and at the same time increase the demand for translation services.As a result of the globalization era, information technology and the activation of international relations, the demand for professional translators is increasing, so there are problems in determining the professional standard of simultaneous translation quality assessment methodology.
In this scientific work, compression and decompression methods used in simultaneous translation of oral speech are considered.The complexity of this type of translation is that it is often done without prior preparation and the translator does not rely on the original text.Therefore, for the most successful implementation of this type of activity, the translator must have certain skills and abilities.One of these skills is speech compression.
If we take the methods of system-structural analysis of natural language construction, in fact, even in this place, the researcher is forced to perform the action of "restoration".After all, even here, the linguist thinks about the language system that is not directly observable and draws scientific conclusions based on the facts of oral speech (or its reflection in the text)?! Therefore, it is possible to divide the units of the intermediate or conceptual stage into types, group them and generalize them.It's just a matter of performing this systematization from a methodological point of view and based on which method [1].
From this point about oral speech, it can be seen that fact is one of the main factors, and it is important that the integrity of this speech is preserved in translation.The correct organization of language construction in TT and regardless of what ST is one of the most important tasks for a translator.
The strategy is determined by linguistic and non-linguistic factors, and in the process of simultaneous translation, strategies can be mixed to achieve optimal results.According to another definition, translation strategies are the abilities (skills) of a simultaneous interpreter (in addition to knowledge of the language, the ability to speak and listen at the same time, as well as general knowledge), which require special training from interpreters.
At this point, let's justify the simultaneous translation, which is the basis of our work, with the above points.Simultaneous translation is the most complex type of interpretation, and in this type of translation, translation is carried out using special equipment.It is a method of oral interpretation in which the content of the speech is delivered to the listeners without the need of the interpreter during the speaker's speech.

Literature Review
Currently, not a single large international conference can be held without the use of simultaneous translation, and today there are many companies that are ready to offer their services for simultaneous translation and install special equipment for any private international meetings of any scale.From this situation, it can be seen that the holding of conferences with high preparation is becoming common day by day.As we all know, the use of simultaneous translation not only saves time, but also ensures simultaneous transmission of information in different languages.Many theoretical scientists are conducting research in this field worldwide.
One of the professional characteristics of simultaneous interpreters is the ability to predict the logic of the development of the speaker's speech before he finishes his sentence.Such a "super ability" is achieved after many hours of training: the stronger the translator's skills, the more easily he overcomes the difficulties encountered in the translation process, and the easier it is to "place" the speaker's supposed thought in a difficult situation.
Most simultaneous translation researchers understand the strategy as a skill or specific skills required of a conference interpreter in message processing when translating from the source language to the target language.They say, a gap of up to ten seconds is not long enough to make the listener uncomfortable with the lack of translation.At this time, this interval is considered sufficient for the listener to get a deeper understanding of the translated sentence.Conversely, if the translation is fast, it may well lead to errors.Thus, the waiting strategy is used in the following situations, when the speaker is clarifying a difficult concept.In translation, the pause should be long enough for the translator to grasp the meaning of a difficult concept, and long enough not to make the listener uncomfortable with the absence of a translation.
The cycle of simultaneous interpreter activity is a limited set of translation actions limited by the continuity of the participants of communicative actions and the thematic scope of communication.For example, at some international conference, a separate cycle is formed with the work of a simultaneous interpreter.If the topic of the translated speeches is relatively familiar, the process will be easier.The activity cycle of a simultaneous interpreter consists of activity sessions.
In the field of translation studies, the study of the process of simultaneous translation is one of the translation strategies of Western translators A. Shiryaev (1978Shiryaev ( /1979)) During the years of work of G. Salomov, who is considered the founder of translation theory in Uzbekistan, a unique translation school was created in our country.Our translation scholars G. Salomov, J. Sharipov, S. Siddiq, F. Sulaymanova, I. Gafurov, N. Komilov, O. Muminov, I. Tukhtasinov, N. Otajonov, Yu.Polatov, R. Fayzullaeva, Q. Musaev, Sh.Safarov, Kh.Karamatov, R.Shirinova, G.Gafurova, N.Alimukhamedov, N.Kambarov, A.Sayfullaev, A.Ismatullaeva, F.Khalimova and others focused their research on translation problems.
Unlike the above-mentioned studies, this study is also significant in that it is devoted to the study of the effective use of simultaneous translation strategies, particularly compression and decompression methods, in the process of simultaneous translation in different languages.

Research problem
Simultaneous interpretation is becoming one of the most sought-after interpretation services because it saves time for both the audience and the speaker.The process of simultaneous translation has been described not only by translation scientists, linguists, but also by psychologists, neuroscientists and other scientists, but for many it is still a miracle.
Currently, not a single large international conference can be held without the use of simultaneous translation, and today there are many companies that are ready to offer their services for simultaneous translation and install special equipment for any private international meetings of any scale.From this situation, it can be seen that the holding of conferences with high preparation is becoming common day by day.As we all know, the use of simultaneous translation not only saves time, but also ensures simultaneous transmission of information in different languages.
Translation is a process that acts as a bridge between two nations and two languages.However, it is an undeniable fact that the translator faces translation problems arising from the culture of these two peoples [2].
When talking about the difficulties that arise in the process of simultaneous translation, the main thing should be noted: in the process of conference translation, the simultaneous interpreter experiences the strongest emotional and physical stress, which is primarily caused by the simultaneous decoding and encoding of information.The rapid exchange of language that occurs in the brain forces the brain to work twice as fast.
If we talk about the strengths of simultaneous interpretation, the following should be noted: the uninterrupted sound of the speaker's speech, saving a lot of time compared to consecutive interpretation, the ability to use a large number of working languages.The main disadvantages of simultaneous translation are its high cost and loss of data.Data loss can occur in various situations.Compression can be used to prevent this and to partially preserve it.
Simultaneous translation work is the pinnacle of interpreting work.Therefore, the training of simultaneous interpreters is very high.They will need to have the following skills: 1. Being able to speak a foreign language and own language freely; 2. Grammatically and phonetically well-pronounced speech; 3. Deep vocabulary in both languages; 4. Good knowledge of stable constructions and clichés fund and ability to quickly find them; Being able to translate grammatically correctly both into own language and into a foreign language; 6. Speed of reaction; 7. Good working memory; 8. Ability to concentrate; 9. Mental and physical endurance; 10.Ability to work as a group; 11.Encyclopedic knowledge is required from a simultaneous interpreter.The motto of the simultaneous interpretation activity is "only success, no error" and there is no organization that controls the mistakes and misunderstandings that are made during the conference.Usually, after the end of the conference, the organizing organization, the chairman of the meeting, experts, delegations all express their gratitude for the work of the simultaneous interpreter.If the translator's work is done very well, they applaud and praise, and some invite to cooperate with them next time.If the simultaneous interpretation is performed very poorly, then in the conference hall it will be possible to observe various reactions, that is, awkward situations such as the audience stomping their feet, coughing, sitting while talking.

Research Findings
It can be seen from this comment that the concept of strategy includes both linguistic and non-linguistic factors, and each of these factors can determine the choice of one or another (or several) styles in a certain piece of translation.An experienced translator's choice of strategy is often automatic.In addition, since the strategy is a means of achieving adequacy and alternation in translation from the source language to the target language, several strategies can be used simultaneously by a simultaneous interpreter.Also, one of the strategies can be taken as a basis, and others can be additional.For example, if the initially selected method does not lead to the desired results, this additional strategy can serve as a means of exiting a difficult situation.Simultaneous translation strategies are classified in Table 1: Trial-and-error strategy based on word-for-word translation, used when the features of the information are listed The waiting strategy is used in the translation of sentences with a compound and complex structure Stolling strategy is to fill the pauses in the speech with non-new information Prediction strategy to describe the events based on the content of language units before the end of the original text Compression strategy reducing or summarizing language units that do not affect the main content of the sentence Decompression Strategy Addition of language units to clarify the content of the sentence Simultaneous translation is carried out with the help of a language mediator -a simultaneous translator in the process of communication between communicants.In order to create a probabilistic prediction model, G.V. Chernov considers simultaneous translation again from the process point of view.Within the framework of simultaneous translation models, a number of concepts -universals of translation -are developed, such as invariant, equivalent, considering speech works as text translation research.
Therefore, simultaneous translation is the process of forming the text of the original language into the text of the translated language, which takes place in a short period of time.Simultaneous translation is a complex type of bilingual communicative activity, which is carried out in conditions time constraints and strictly limited amount of processed information.In this case, the subject and product of information are the semanticmeaning structure of the processed speech message.A.D. Schweizer develops a dynamic model of translation.In this way, the processes that occur during simultaneous translation are typical for the entire speech activity of a person."In some sense, this process is characterized by the laws of speech activity in general" [4].Simultaneous translation is not carried out in a vacuum, its process differs from the normal communication process in that it involves a language mediator, so the goal of both situations remains the samecommunication between the parties.G.V. Chernov considers probabilistic prediction in the context of a communicative situation.In this case, the communicative situation is a set of non-scientific (extalinguistic) conditions for the implementation of communication and the presentation of a message and their interaction.In a communicative situation, it is possible to distinguish a set of elements or factors that are manifested in answering the following questions in simultaneous translation: 1) who? 2) with what? 3) in which subject? 4) in front of whom? 5) to whom? 6) where?7) when?8) for what purpose?9) why?And indeed, it is necessary for a simultaneous interpreter to know the answers to these questions in order to successfully perform simultaneous translation, because any simultaneous translation is situational.
Another type of simultaneous translation is "whispered" translation."whispering", when the interpreter is placed next to the receiver, not in the booth, and conveys the translation in a low tone without headphones and a microphone.Simultaneous interpreting is a complex subtype of interpreting, as it requires the interpreter to be able to perform various speech acts at the same time: listening in one language, translating into another, and speaking in the same language, following the speed of the speaker's speech.
In conferences, listening through a headset is much more common than whispering.It can be explained in percentages as follows:

Summary
In conclusion we can say that a number of works are being carried out on the development of simultaneous translation on the scale of our country.The fact that the translations from English to Uzbek are mostly done indirectly, that is, through the Russian language, and the fact that the number of translations from Uzbek to English is not significant means that this process should be given more serious attention.It should also be noted that the demand for translation of Uzbek speeches into foreign languages has not yet been met.Through the direct translations used in the process of simultaneous translation, the translator understands the environment and the linguo-cultural aspect of the speech and rarely experiences informational losses.
The professional characteristics of simultaneous interpreters is the ability to predict the development logic of the speaker's speech before he finishes his sentence.Such a "super ability" is achieved after many hours of training: the stronger the translator's skills, the more easily he overcomes the difficulties encountered in the translation process, and the easier it is to "place" the speaker's supposed thought in a difficult situation.
While interpreting does not have the disadvantages of whispering (although it does not distract those around the client, it is much cheaper than in-person services), it has its own challenges.For example, if our event suddenly becomes noisy, an in-person interpreter can handle the situation much better than a remote interpreter.That is, the original speech may not reach the simultaneous interpreter clearly enough in noisy situations.Remote interpreters, however skilled they may be, find it difficult to assess body language and nonverbal cues.

Fig. 1 .
Fig.1.listening through a headset is much more common than whispering.