Integration with cultures and micro-clonal breeding of strawberries in the conditions of “in vitro”

. Strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) are exposed to the world and is 70% of the world's breeding fruits in the world. The cultivation of strawberries is growing every year, now the yield of this crop has exceeded 4 million tons per year. The article was tested by various concentration of sodium hyphosts for steriles in the article. Nutrients containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron and trace elements: boron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, as well as vitamins, carbohydrates, carbohydrates, and phytohormones are used for growing plants. Casein hydrolyzate and some amino acids are added to some food media. In addition, EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) or its sodium salt is added to the nutritional medium to meet the iron needs of the cells. In the sterulation of strawberries plant, the affected plants were 16.3%, and the survival rate was 83.7%, when carried out in the solution of the surface in sterulation of the surface. In micro-clonal breeding, the development of plants in the options of BAP +2 and NAA + 1 in the options added to 89.7% were 89.7%.


Introduction
The world's gas demand for food products requires year by year, further expansion of agricultural crops and obtaining high quality products.In recent years, reforms is underway to ensure food safety, increase food security, the quality of agricultural products and export potential [1].Today, 650,000 hectares land are employed in the world, which produce up to 10.5 million products [2].
According to the Statistics Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2739.6 thousand tons of humid fruit and berries were harvested in Uzbekistan in 2019.In 2020, a strawberry was grown in a hot room in the field, in the field of 690 in the country [2].
The early maturity of strawberries, not so much demanding of the cultivation, is a berred fruits playing a specific role in meeting the demand for vitamin and other valuable feeding elements.Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) are exposed to the world and is 70% of the world's breeding fruits in the world.The cultivation of strawberries is growing every year, now the yield of this crop has exceeded 4 million tons per year [3][4][5].
Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier-Rosaceae) are considered a long-term plant, and this crop type is grown in more than 75 countries around the world [6].Scientists point out that the strawberries can be generated from every hectare of strawberries [7,8].
But in practice, the yield in practice is much lower than this indicator, the average yield taken from the crops all over the world throughout the world is 12.8 tons.This figure is 37.1 tons in the United States -37.1 tons, and in Japan -12.8 tons, in Japan 6-8 tons in Russia [9].
Strawberry seedlings are mainly 2 different.The first is open-rooting seedlings, that is, newly digested seedlings.The second group is seedlings with a closed root system, which includes seedlings grown in the cassettes.One of the important conditions in the cultivation of quality seedlings is one of the important conditions in increasing the profitability of high-quality seedlings.Therefore, if income from strawberries will be achieved, it will be necessary to choose a quality seedlings in the first place [10].
In the laboratory of the strawberry in vitro, the strawberries carried out a strawberry in vitro in vitro in vegetable cells and tissue breeding in vitro operations and grown in the MS nutrients with the various concentrations (BA, NAA, and GA) [7].
They are valued for muzy taste and fragrant and healthy characteristics.These qualities have provided an increase in this crop worldwide worldwide and is currently working on research and agriculture in the agricultural management.Strawberries allows you to return the capital, sewed capital faster than other fruit crops.
Micro-clonal breeding is a unique position, which is a modern way in obtaining quality seedlings from strawberries.It is of great importance in the correct installation of the microclonal breeding process.

Materials and methods
The experiments were conducted in 2022 at the biotechnology laboratory of the scientific research institute of horticulture, viticulture and winemaking named after Akademician M. Mirzaev.Experiments carried out in the laboratory were conducted based on J.Driver's 2015 methodological manual [4].
Nutrients containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron and trace elements: boron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, as well as vitamins, carbohydrates, carbohydrates, and phytohormones are used for growing plants.Casein hydrolyzate and some amino acids are added to some food media.In addition, EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) or its sodium salt is added to the nutritional medium to meet the iron needs of the cells [9].
In total, 0.5-0.7% of agar-agar was added to grow plant explants on solid medium.The nutrient medium was placed in special containers and sterilized in an autoclave at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 121 for 20 minutes.

Results and discussion
As explants, creeping tips and apical meristems of strawberry plants grown in the open field and in the greenhouse were taken.The resulting explants were washed under running tap water for 20 minutes and then washed 4-5 times with distilled water.After washing, up to 0.5-1 cm of the epiphyses were removed using a scalpel and scissors before placing in culture.After washing, the explants were brought into laminar boxing.
Before starting the work, the bactericide lamp in the laminar box was turned on for 20 minutes.During operation, the tools (tweezers, scalpels, scissors, and blades) were sterilized in 96% ethyl alcohol and 15-30% hydrogen peroxide solutions in a glass cup.The equipment was then wiped clean using sterile paper towels.
In micro-clonal breeding of strawberry, it is a very important process to choose the concentration of substances used for seeding its explants and the duration of their retention.As shown in Table 1, the explants were maintained at different concentrations of sodium for different periods of time.Strawberry plants were grown in an incubator at a temperature of 21-23 0 C, a relative humidity of 65% and a light of 3700 lumen, and their growth and development were monitored from February 15 to May 12 2022 (Figure 1).For surface sterilization of explants of strawberry plants in vitro, the most affected apices were sterilized in a 0.2% solution of NaOCl in a magnetic flask for 10 minutes.This process was observed in the planted version, the damage of the explants was 72.3%, and the survival rate was 27.7%.The best performance was observed in the experimental variant where sterilization was carried out in 0.2% solution of sodium hypochlorite for 25 minutes.That is, 23.4% of infected explants and 76.6% of surviving explants were found.This indicator was observed even when the sterilization process was carried out with NaOCl 0.3% solution, the lowest rate was observed in the variant sterilized for 10 minutes, in which 25.5% of infected explants survived and 74.9%.The best indicator was observed in the experimental variant, which was kept in NaOCl 0.3% solution for 20 minutes, and the damage was 16.3%, the survival of explants was 83.7% (Table 2).The amount of growth substances added to the nutrient medium in which they are grown is important when introducing plant tissues into culture.For this, MS nutrient medium was used (Table 2).When the strawberry meristems planted in the nutrient medium without MS growth mods were observed for 45 days, the plant development was 21.5%.When BAP +1 and NAA+0.1 were added to the MS medium, the development of plants reached 68.3% in 12-17 days, while in the experimental version with BAP +2 and NAA+1 added, it reached 89.7% in 21-29 days formed When BAP +0.3 and NAA+1 were added to the nutrient medium in the condition of increasing the rate of growth substances, these indicators were 35.1% during 19-35 days.In this case, mainly, the development of vegetation has decreased sharply.These indicators are 69.9% in 14-18 days when BAP+1, NAA+0.1 and GA3 +1 are added, and when BAP+2, NAA+0.1 and GA3 +1 are added, plant development is 15 in 25-28 days was 3%.BAP+2, NAA+0.2 and GA3 +1 showed 33.6% in 14-19 days when added to plant nutrient medium and 19-23 days when added to BAP+3, NAA+0.3,GA3 +1 development was 23.2%.The conducted experiments show that MS was recorded in the nutrient medium with the addition of growth modes to the nutrient medium (Figure 2).

Conclusions
In vitro sterilization of strawberry plants, the best performance was observed in the variant treated with a magnet in a 0.3% solution of NaOCl for 20 minutes.In this case, the damage of plants by various pathogens was 16.3%.The most effective result when the growth modes were added to the MS nutrient medium was observed in variants with the addition of BAP +2 and NAA+1 growth modes to the nutrient medium, and the development was equal to 89.7%.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Breeding process of strawberries in the laboratory conditions.

E3SFigure 2 .
Figure 2. Micro-cloned breeding of strawberries in the laboratory conditions.

Table 1 .
Effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite used for sterilization on strawberry explants.

Table 2 .
Effect of different concentrations of growth factors on strawberry plant development.