The origin of capacity fluctuation and rescue of dead Mn-based Zn–ion batteries: a Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol

Hang Yang; Wanhai Zhou; Duo Chen; Jiahao Liu; Zeyu Yuan; Mengjie Lu; Laifa Shen; Valerii Shulga; Wei Han; Dongliang Chao

doi:10.1039/D1EE03547A

The origin of capacity fluctuation and rescue of dead Mn-based Zn–ion batteries: a Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol†

Hang Yang,^a Wanhai Zhou,^b Duo Chen,

*^ac Jiahao Liu,^b Zeyu Yuan,^a Mengjie Lu,^a Laifa Shen,

^c Valerii Shulga,^a Wei Han

*^a and Dongliang Chao

*^b

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a College of Physics, the State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
E-mail: whan@jlu.edu.cn

^b Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
E-mail: chaod@fudan.edu.cn

^c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
E-mail: chenduo@nuaa.edu.cn

Abstract

Although Mn²⁺ additives alleviate the dissolution issue of Mn-based cathodes in aqueous zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs), problems including complex side reactions and abnormal capacity fluctuation pose new challenges for their large-scale applications. In virtue of manganese oxide based on preeminent cation-pillar engineering, we elaborate the origin of capacity fluctuation, which is found to be correlated with the unique Mn²⁺ behavior. For the first time, we figure out new metrics such as effective cycling percentage (η) and maximum Mn²⁺ contribution ratio (ε) to reappraise the electrochemical performance of the current Mn-based ZIBs via a new capacity evaluation protocol, i.e., Mn-based competitive capacity evolution (Mn-CCE). The universality of the protocol and its metrics were further verified via quantitative analyses of the reported Mn-based ZIBs. More significantly, the failure of Mn-based electrodes is demonstrated to be rescuable via facile acid treatment, which is expected to quintuple the lifespan of batteries. The findings can provide new insights to understand the electrochemical behaviors, serve as the assessment criteria, and further guide the development of Zn/Mn-related devices for practical applications.

This article is part of the themed collection: 2023 Journal of Materials Chemistry Lectureship shortlisted candidates

Energy & Environmental Science

The origin of capacity fluctuation and rescue of dead Mn-based Zn–ion batteries: a Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol†

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