* Corresponding authors

^a College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China

^b CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
E-mail: gmzhong@fjirsm.ac.cn, czlu@fjirsm.ac.cn

^c Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China

^d Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

^e State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

^f X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA

^g Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

^h University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China