Issue 63, 2019, Issue in Progress
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RSC Advances

Efficiencies and mechanisms of the chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes during the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater†

Bing Zhang, ORCID logo *abc   Shuili Yu, ORCID logo d   Youbing Zhu,d   Yu Shen,ab   Xu Gao,ab   Wenxin Shi*e  and  Joo Hwa Tayc  

* Corresponding authors

a National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & New Environmental Materials, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
E-mail: hitzhangbing@163.com

b Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China

c Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada

d School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

e School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
E-mail: swx@hit.edu.cn

Abstract

The chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes with different reagents after the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater was examined in this study. Foulant analyses, cleaning efficiencies of different reagents and conditions and cleaning mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and crude oil were the main membrane foulants accompanied by organic–inorganic–organic/membrane aggregate foulants formed by bridging inorganic ions and organic species. Cleaning efficiency of 93% was acquired through mixed cleaning with 0.04 N NaClO + 200 mg L−1 NaOH, which was found to be better than individual cleaning. Moreover, consecutive cleaning with NaClO + NaOH–HCl restored 98% of the membrane flux, suggesting that HCl cleaning contributed to flux recovery. Additionally, the cleaning temperature and time were set as 40 °C and 3 h, respectively, considering economy and membrane lifespan. Finally, the mechanism of membrane cleaning and analyses of membrane properties were described in this paper, aiming to provide a future direction for production practices. Considering that the cleaning reagents used in this study are easy to obtain and use, consecutive cleaning with NaClO + NaOH–HCl is recommended to clean the PTFE membranes fouled by ASP flooding oilfield wastewater.

Graphical abstract: Efficiencies and mechanisms of the chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes during the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA06745K
Article type
Paper
Submitted
27 Aug 2019
Accepted
27 Oct 2019
First published
13 Nov 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2019,9, 36940-36950

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Efficiencies and mechanisms of the chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes during the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater

B. Zhang, S. Yu, Y. Zhu, Y. Shen, X. Gao, W. Shi and J. H. Tay, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 36940 DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06745K

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