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Low wintertime pre-diagnostic vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of internal malignancies in kidney transplant recipients

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Abstract

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations have been associated with increased cancer risk, but the relative importance of seasonality, i.e. high summer concentrations versus low winter concentrations, is unclear. We investigated this issue in a high risk group: kidney transplant recipients with known increased risk of cancer and low vitamin D statuses. We examined the relationship between registered concentrations of 25OHD binned by quarter and subsequent risk of internal malignancy or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in 1112 kidney transplant recipients. Hazard ratios for internal malignancies were significantly increased with lower pre-diagnostic 25OHD concentrations in the first quarter of the year (January-March); a 1.4 fold increase (95%CI 1.1;1.7) per 10 nmol L−1 decrease in 25OHD. Except for women in April-June (1.3 (1.01;1.7) per 10 nmol L−1 decrease) pre-diagnostic 25OHD concentrations in the other quarters were not statistically significantly associated with internal malignancies. Higher 25OHD concentrations tended to be associated with the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, independent of the time of the year. Our study indicates that low wintertime 25OHD concentrations are associated with an increased risk of internal malignancies and that transplant recipients may benefit from wintertime vitamin D supplementation. Our findings need further corroboration, but suggest that the lowest concentrations of vitamin D, which occur in winter, are important for the risk of internal malignancies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant of the Foundation for General Light Therapy (the Dutch legacy trust “Stichting voor Algemeene Lichttherapie) without any involvement in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Dermatology, Leiden University Medicai Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Frank R. de Gruijl, Stan Pavel & Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck

  2. Dept. of Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Ron Wolterbeek

  3. Dept. of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Johan W. de Fijter

  4. Dept. of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Neveen A. T. Hamdy

Authors
  1. Frank R. de Gruijl
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  2. Ron Wolterbeek
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  3. Stan Pavel
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  4. Johan W. de Fijter
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  5. Neveen A. T. Hamdy
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  6. Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck
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Correspondence to Frank R. de Gruijl.

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de Gruijl, F.R., Wolterbeek, R., Pavel, S. et al. Low wintertime pre-diagnostic vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of internal malignancies in kidney transplant recipients. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 1946–1955 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00404d

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00404d

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