Issue 3, 2018

Intrinsic rippling enhances static non-reciprocity in a graphene metamaterial

Abstract

In mechanical systems, Maxwell–Betti reciprocity means that the displacement at point B in response to a force at point A is the same as the displacement at point A in response to the same force applied at point B. Because the notion of reciprocity is general, fundamental, and is operant for other physical systems like electromagnetics, acoustics, and optics, there is significant interest in understanding systems that are not reciprocal, or exhibit non-reciprocity. However, most studies on non-reciprocity have occurred in bulk-scale structures for dynamic problems involving time reversal symmetry. As a result, little is known about the mechanisms governing static non-reciprocal responses, particularly in atomically-thin two-dimensional materials like graphene. Here, we use classical atomistic simulations to demonstrate that out-of-plane ripples, which are intrinsic to graphene, enable significant, multiple orders of magnitude enhancements in the statically non-reciprocal response of graphene metamaterials. Specifically, we find that a striking interplay between the ripples and the stress fields that are induced in the metamaterials due to their geometry impacts the displacements that are transmitted by the metamaterial, thus leading to a significantly enhanced static non-reciprocal response. This study thus demonstrates the potential of two-dimensional mechanical metamaterials for symmetry-breaking applications.

Graphical abstract: Intrinsic rippling enhances static non-reciprocity in a graphene metamaterial

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
14 Oct 2017
Accepted
08 Dec 2017
First published
11 Dec 2017

Nanoscale, 2018,10, 1207-1214

Intrinsic rippling enhances static non-reciprocity in a graphene metamaterial

D. T. Ho, H. S. Park and S. Y. Kim, Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 1207 DOI: 10.1039/C7NR07651G

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