On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration

Gerardo Teran-Escobar; David M. Tanenbaum; Eszter Voroshazi; Martin Hermenau; Kion Norrman; Matthew T. Lloyd; Yulia Galagan; Birger Zimmermann; Markus Hösel; Henrik F. Dam; Mikkel Jørgensen; Suren Gevorgyan; Suleyman Kudret; Wouter Maes; Laurence Lutsen; Dirk Vanderzande; Uli Würfel; Ronn Andriessen; Roland Rösch; Harald Hoppe; Agnès Rivaton; Gülşah Y. Uzunoğlu; David Germack; Birgitta Andreasen; Morten V. Madsen; Eva Bundgaard; Frederik C. Krebs; Monica Lira-Cantu

doi:10.1039/C2CP40821J

On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration†

Gerardo Teran-Escobar,^a David M. Tanenbaum,^bc Eszter Voroshazi,^d Martin Hermenau,^e Kion Norrman,^b Matthew T. Lloyd,^f Yulia Galagan,^g Birger Zimmermann,^h Markus Hösel,^b Henrik F. Dam,^b Mikkel Jørgensen,^b Suren Gevorgyan,^b Suleyman Kudret,ⁱ Wouter Maes,ⁱ Laurence Lutsen,^j Dirk Vanderzande,ⁱ Uli Würfel,^h Ronn Andriessen,^g Roland Rösch,^k Harald Hoppe,^k Agnès Rivaton,^l Gülşah Y. Uzunoğlu,^m David Germack,ⁿ Birgitta Andreasen,^b Morten V. Madsen,^b Eva Bundgaard,^b Frederik C. Krebs^b and Monica Lira-Cantu*^a

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* Corresponding authors

^a Centre d'Investigacióen Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (CIN2, CSIC), Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Energy, ETSE, Campus UAB, Edifici Q, 2nd floor, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
E-mail: monica.lira@cin2.es

^b Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark

^c Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA

^d IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ESAT, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven, Belgium

^e Arbeitsgruppe Organische Solarzellen (OSOL), Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

^f National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA

^g Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

^h Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstrasse 2, Freiburg, Germany

ⁱ Hasselt University, Campus, Agoralaan 1, Building D, WET/OBPC, Diepenbeek, Belgium

^j IMEC, IMOMEC Associated Laboratory, Campus University of Hasselt, Wetenscharpspark 1, Diepenbeek, Belgium

^k Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Weimarer Str. 32, Ilmenau, Germany

^l Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratorie de Photochemie, Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire (LPMM), BP10448 Clermont-Ferrand, France and CNRS, UMR6505, LPMM, Aubière, France

^m TÜBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), Photonic and Electronic Sensors Laboratory, P.O. Box 54, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

ⁿ Condensed Matter Physics, Brookhaven National Lab, Building 510B Upton, NY, USA

Abstract

This work is part of the inter-laboratory collaboration to study the stability of seven distinct sets of state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices prepared by leading research laboratories. All devices have been shipped to and degraded at RISØ-DTU up to 1830 hours in accordance with established ISOS-3 protocols under defined illumination conditions. In this work, we apply the Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) and the in situ IPCE techniques to determine the relation between solar cell performance and solar cell stability. Different ageing conditions were considered: accelerated full sun simulation, low level indoor fluorescent lighting and dark storage. The devices were also monitored under conditions of ambient and inert (N₂) atmospheres, which allows for the identification of the solar cell materials more susceptible to degradation by ambient air (oxygen and moisture). The different OPVs configurations permitted the study of the intrinsic stability of the devices depending on: two different ITO-replacement alternatives, two different hole extraction layers (PEDOT:PSS and MoO₃), and two different P3HT-based polymers. The response of un-encapsulated devices to ambient atmosphere offered insight into the importance of moisture in solar cell performance. Our results demonstrate that the IPCE and the in situ IPCE techniques are valuable analytical methods to understand device degradation and solar cell lifetime.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration†

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On the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices by IPCE and in situ IPCE analyses – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration

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