In the broad scenario of multi-component nanomaterials, oxide-based systems are of primary technological importance for various applications of current interest, spanning from optoelectronics to catalysis, from chemical sensing to energy conversion and storage. Such a broad range of functional utilizations results from the joint features of nano-organized systems and the synergistic combination of constituent properties, which, in turn, can be tailored by means of flexible and scalable preparative strategies. An amenable synthetic option potentially meeting these standards is Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), either as such or in combination with other fabrication routes. To this regard, the present highlight provides an overview on the CVD-based growth and applicative potential of oxide-based nanocomposite systems. Special attention is devoted to three different categories, i.e. metal/oxide, oxide/oxide and carbon/oxide nanomaterials. For each of them, selected results on synthesis/applications of composite architectures with tailored morphology are presented, trying to address actual challenges and future trends in the field.