SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
A pH-independent electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor supports quantitative, real-time measurement in vivo†
a
Andrés
Ferrer-Ruiz,
b
Jun
Dai,
c
Javier
Ramos-Soriano,
b
Xuewei
Du,
a
Man
Zhu,
a
Wanxue
Zhang,
a
Yuanyuan
Wang,
a
M. Ángeles
Herranz,
b
Le
Jing,
a
Zishuo
Zhang,
a
Hui
Li,
*a
Fan
Xia
*a
and
Nazario
Martín
*bd
Abstract
The development of biosensors capable of achieving accurate and precise molecular measurements in the living body in pH-variable biological environments (e.g. subcellular organelles, biological fluids and organs) plays a significant role in personalized medicine. Because they recapitulate the conformation-linked signaling mechanisms, electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors are good candidates to fill this role. However, this class of sensors suffers from a lack of a stable and pH-independent redox reporter to support their utility under pH-variable conditions. Here, in response, we demonstrate the efficiency of an electron donor π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) as an excellent candidate (due to its good electrochemical stability and no proton participation in its redox reaction) of pH-independent redox reporters. Its use has allowed improvement of E-AB sensing performance in biological fluids under different pH conditions, achieving high-frequency, real-time molecular measurements in biological samples both in vitro and in the bladders of living rats.
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