Issue 5, 2024, Issue in Progress
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RSC Advances

Efficient preparation of hybrid biofuels from biomass-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons†

Abhishek Kumar Yadav,a   Navya Subray Bhat,a   Sonal Kaushik,a   Asiful H. Seikhb  and  Saikat Dutta ORCID logo *a  

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangalore-575025, India
E-mail: sdutta@nitk.edu.in

b Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh-11421, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Fuel candidates containing both petroleum-derived and biomass-derived molecules in their structural motifs ensure both feedstocks are used optimally and coherently. This work reports a straightforward and efficient preparation of 5-(arylmethyl)furfurals (AMFFs), 2-(arylmethyl)furans (AMFs), and 2-(arylmethyl)-5-methylfurans (AMMFs) as hybrid biofuels (or fuel oxygenates) starting from carbohydrate-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons. The AMFFs were prepared by Friedel–Crafts reaction between AcMF and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., BTX, mesitylene) by employing anhydrous ZnCl2 as the catalyst. AMFs were prepared by decarbonylation of AMFFs over the Pd(OAc)2 catalyst under solvent-free conditions. In contrast, AMMFs were produced by hydrogenating AMFFs in methanol using gaseous hydrogen and the 10% Pd/C catalyst. The catalytic transformations were optimized on various parameters, and all the biofuel candidates were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields (>80%) under moderate conditions.

Graphical abstract: Efficient preparation of hybrid biofuels from biomass-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA08505H
Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 Dec 2023
Accepted
10 Jan 2024
First published
18 Jan 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2024,14, 3096-3103

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Efficient preparation of hybrid biofuels from biomass-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons

A. K. Yadav, N. S. Bhat, S. Kaushik, A. H. Seikh and S. Dutta, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 3096 DOI: 10.1039/D3RA08505H

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