Nanoarchitectonics is a new concept for the fabrication of functional material systems through harmonization of various actions including atomic/molecular-level manipulation, chemical reactions, self-assembly and self-organization and their modulation by external fields/stimuli. This working principle and target-scales are exactly the same as those for biological systems where every aspect of living systems is heavily dependent on physicochemical occurrences at the nano–micro scale length. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics can work as a navigator to convert conventional materials into life-like high-level functional systems. It would be a key concept in the breakthrough of materials innovation in the near future.