Solid base catalysts for the synthesis of phytosterol esters
Abstract
The main objective of this study is the synthesis of phytosterol esters from natural sterols and methyl esters in the presence of basic solid catalysts which are less corrosive and more selective than homogeneous catalysts such as alkaline hydroxides and carbonates. Phytosterol esters are effective in reducing both blood cholesterol levels and triglycerides and can be used as biological compounds in pharmaceutics and cosmetics. The highest yields of phytosterol esters are obtained in the presence of magnesium oxide or zinc oxide. However, magnesium oxide which is more basic basic favored the side reaction of sitosterol dehydration. The phytosterol ester yields can reach 80% and the formation of dienes is strongly inhibited when the reaction is carried out under a nitrogen flow.
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