Issue 35, 2020

Energy enhancement of quasi-solid-state supercapacitors based on a non-aqueous gel polymer electrolyte via a synergistic effect of dual redox additives diphenylamine and potassium iodide

Abstract

Enhancing redox activity at electrode–electrolyte interfaces by dispersing redox additive(s) in electrolytes is a recent approach to increase the specific energy of carbon supercapacitors. Here, we prepared a non-aqueous gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) incorporated with an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide and dual redox additives (KI and diphenylamine, DPA) entrapped in a host polymer poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) for use in the fabrication of carbon supercapacitors. A free-standing film of the GPE with dual redox additives shows excellent flexibility, thermal stability (up to ∼320 °C), high ionic conductivity (σRT ∼ 4.52 mS cm−1) and a wide electrochemical stability window (∼6.2 V versus Ag), indicating its suitability as an electrolyte in quasi-solid-state supercapacitors. The supercapacitor fabricated using the redox-active GPE (containing KI and DPA) and biomass-derived activated carbon electrodes exhibits superior performance over the devices with GPEs containing a pure IL or its mixture with a single additive (DPA or KI). The synergistic effect of dual redox activity at the interfaces leads to optimum specific energy (∼73.2 W h kg−1) and maximum power (∼34.8 kW kg−1), attributable to enhanced specific capacitance (∼337 F g−1) and reasonably high operating voltage (2.5 V). The optimized capacitor shows good performance for ∼6000 charge–discharge cycles after a 20% fade in capacitance and maintains a coulombic efficiency as high as 98–100%.

Graphical abstract: Energy enhancement of quasi-solid-state supercapacitors based on a non-aqueous gel polymer electrolyte via a synergistic effect of dual redox additives diphenylamine and potassium iodide

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 Jun 2020
Accepted
07 Aug 2020
First published
10 Aug 2020

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020,8, 18266-18279

Energy enhancement of quasi-solid-state supercapacitors based on a non-aqueous gel polymer electrolyte via a synergistic effect of dual redox additives diphenylamine and potassium iodide

N. Yadav and S. A. Hashmi, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 18266 DOI: 10.1039/D0TA06331B

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