Associations between self control , smoking , alcohol drinking , internet , smartphone addiction among South Korean Adolescents

s | 21 and is a significant comorbid factor for other psychiatric and medical disorders. To date, no medication has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for this indication. In the present Phase 2A, single-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we determined the safety/tolerability and efficacy of a combination drug treatment, consisting of an immediate-release methylphenidate formulation (MPh-IR) and a novel formulation of the antiemetic ondansetron (Ond-PR2) ([MPh-IR + Ond-PR2]; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01290276). Scores on selected behavioral rating scales and functional neuroimaging assessments under standard cue-reactivity and inhibitory control paradigms were used to compare the [MPh-IR + Ond-PR2] and placebo groups before and after two week treatment. All study procedures were conducted according to a protocol approved by the Duke University Health System Institutional Review Board. A total of 48 subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version 4 (DSM-4) criteria for “primary substance abuse” were screened and 30 qualifying subjects were randomized into one of the two treatment groups. Twenty eight subject completed the treatment and preand post-treatment assessments. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the number of subjects experiencing adverse events, and no serious adverse events were observed or reported. In contrast to safety/ tolerability, [MPh-IR + Ond-PR2] treatment significantly reduced or tended to reduce selected rating score and neuroimaging measurements compared to placebo treatment. In summary, [MPh-IR + Ond-PR2] treatment was safe and well-tolerated by abstinent psychostimulant abusers, and the results to date indicate that this treatment might provide for an effective option for psychostimulant abuse treatment. PM331 Associations between self control, smoking, alcohol drinking, internet, smartphone addiction among South Korean Adolescents Seung Gon Kim, MD, PhD1, Sang Hoon Kim, MD, PhD1, Sang Hag Park, MD, PhD1, IL Han Choo, MD, PhD1 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self control, smoking, alcohol drinking, internet, smartphone addiction among a sample of South Korean middle school students. Methods: An epidemiologic survey was conducted in a sample of 1,852 students (grades 7 through 9) from five middle schools in Gwangju, South Korea. We obtained data using a self reported questionnaire asking about demographic information, self control, smoking, alcohol drinking, internet, smartphone addiction. Our final analytical sample was 1,629 cases with complete information, after deleting the cases with missing values. Results: A standard deviation increase in low self-control, the expected count of students’ drinking increases by 64.2%. With regard to smoking, a standard deviation increase in low selfcontrol equates to a 189.9% increase in the expected count of students’ smoking. In the Internet addiction model, the magnitude of the effect of low self-control (β = .21) was far greater than that for peer delinquency (.03) and attachment to parents (-.09). The low self-control scale accounted for 35% of the total explained variance in Internet addiction. In smartphone addiction model, low self-control demonstrates the greatest magnitude of the standardized regression coefficient (.28) among all predictors, accounting for 39% of the total variance explained by the model. Conclusion: Our findings show that low self-control is a significant predictor of alcohol drinking, smoking, internet and smartphone addiction even when accounting for peer influences, parental attachment, and other statistical controls. Future research is needed about association between self control and deviant or addictive analogous behaviors.


PM333
Transcriptomic immaturity of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in patients with alcoholism Tomoyuki Murano 1,2,3 ,Hideo Hagihara 2,4 ,Tsuyoshi Miyakawa 2,3,4 , 1 Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies [SOKENDAI]. 2 Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan. 3Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. 4Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agenecy, Kawaguchi, Japan.*Correspondence: miyakawa@ fujita-hu.ac.jp Abstract Alcoholism, which is defined by the recurring harmful use of alcohol despite its negative consequences, has lifetime prevalence of 10% and socially serious problem.Accumulating evidence indicate that alcoholism is often comorbid with schizophrenia and these diseases have common genetic risk factors and pathophysiology, such as hypoglutamatergic and hyperdopaminergic activities in the brain.
By performing informatics analyses of genome-wide gene expression data, we previously revealed that brains of patients with schizophrenia have significant similarities with those of infants in their gene expression patterns in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Considering that the similarities between alcoholism and schizophrenia, we hypothesized that the brain cells of patients with alcoholism also show pseudo-immature phenotypes.
In this study, we compared genome-wide gene expression patterns in the hippocampus and PFC of patients with alcoholism with those in the corresponding regions of normal infants.Our informatics analyses demonstrated that the gene expression patterns of patients with alcoholism were significantly similar to those of infants in both brain regions.Interestingly, the genes which were changed in both of two groups were significantly overlapped with the genes regulated in the developmental course of parvalbumin-positive neurons.
These results suggest that pseudo-immaturity of the hippocampus and PFC could be one of the endophenotypes of alcoholism and might underlie the brain dysfunctions and behaviors of alcoholism.

CHILDHOOD & ADOLESCENT DISORDERS: PM334 -PM357 PM334
Effects of chronic tryptophan depletion on autism spectrum disorder like behaviors in serotonin transporter knockout and heterozygous mice Miho Tanaka 1,2 , Atsushi Sato 1,3 , Yoko Hagino 1 , Ichiro Sora 4 , Dennis Murphy 5 , Kazutaka Ikeda 1,2 1 Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2 School of medicine, Niigata University, 3 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 4 Department of Psychiatry Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 National Institute of Health, Laboratory of Clinical Science Abstract Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), according to DSM-5, is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction with by restricted, repetitive patterns from early childhood.ASD affects about 1.0 % of the population.Several lines of evidence support the relationship between the serotonin hypothesis and ASD because some patients with ASD contains high serotonin level in the blood.The serotonin blood concentration is adjusted by serotonin transporter (SERT), and it is thought that SERT function is declining in ASD patients.In this study, we examined social interaction test and 3 chamber test in wild type (WT), SERT heterozygous (HZ) and SERT knockout (KO) mice on a C57BL/6J genetic background to assess the ASD like behaviors.Furthermore, we investigated the effects of food lacing tryptophan to measure of serotonin.The Mice in each genotype were randomly divided into two groups: control mice, tryptophan deficiency mice, and we conducted the same tests for ASD like behaviors.We found that KO and HZ mice showed low sniffing on novel mouse compared with WT mice in the social interaction test and showed reduced social preference in the 3 chamber test.KO and HZ mice that had taken tryptophan depletion food showed decreased abnormal behaviors.Our findings suggest that KO and HZ mice have deficits in social interaction and tryptophan depletion may improve these abnormal behaviors.

Abstract
The age group with the highest risk of ischemic stroke is elderly population, but it affects also newborns.Hypoxic-ischemic state is the most common form of perinatal brain damage.This pathological state in early age can lead to permanent neurological consequences.
On the other hand, recently published experimental data and clinical observations suggested that neurosteroids concentration increase shortly before born.This finding gives rise to the possibility of obtaining the drugs with neuroprotective properties and minimal side effect The data suggests that perinatal hypoxic-ischemic state induces inflammation and oxidative stress and can influence normal brain development.These processes are insufficiently explored in immature brain, and it is little known about their role in ischemia-induced outcome.Recently, positive outcome of a neurosteroid treatment, due to an anti-inflammatory effect, was shown in models of epilepsy and ischemia.
Aim of the study is to study neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of neuroactive steroids in a model of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) in immature rat brain.
FCI was induced by the infusion of the endothelin-1 (ET1, 40 pmol) into the right dorsal hippocampus of 12-days-old rats (P12).The neuroactive steroid 3α5β-pregnanolone glutamate (PG, 1mg/ kg, i.p.) was applied 5 min after the ET-1 infusion.Effect of the treatment was evaluated by neurochemical monitoring using the microdialysis technique during two hours after ET-1 infusion.In addition, in material obtained 24h after FCI, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry methods were used to assess ischemiainduced changes and determine effect of PG-treatment.
The treatment with the neuroactive steroid PG leads to reduction of the ischemia induced injury in neural tissue, 1,5 , M. Mikoska 4 , K. Syslova 4 , P. Kacer 4 , A. Stuchlik 5 , L. Vyklicky 5 , E. Kudova 6 , H. Chodounska 6 , G.Tsenov 1,5 1 National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Prague-East, Czech Republic 2 Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 3 Department of Anatomy, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic 4 Department of Organic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic 5 Institute of Physiology Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic 6 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic