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1-Hydroxypyrene concentrations in first morning voids and 24-h composite urine: intra- and inter-individual comparisons

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 18, pages 477–485 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been suggested as an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it remains unknown whether a first morning urine sample can be used to reflect average exposure. In this paper, we examine intra-individual differences and inter-individual associations between first morning voids and 24-h composite urine samples. The analysis was performed using data collected from 100 adults who had a wide range of PAH exposure due to differences in their occupation, e.g., coke oven workers vs. non-coke oven workers. For each subject, all the urine voids within each of two 24-h measurement periods were collected. Results showed a significant (40% to 62%) intra-individual difference between first morning voids and 24-h urinary 1-OHP concentrations (in ng/ml urine). Creatinine adjustments of 1-OHP concentrations (in μmol/mol urinary creatinine) reduced the intra-individual difference by approximately 10%. Across all the subjects, a high overall correlation (r=0.76) was observed between first morning and 24-h average 1-OHP concentrations. Work environment and sampling season were found to significantly affect the relationship between first morning and 24-h 1-OHP concentrations. An increase of 1 ng/ml of first morning urinary 1-OHP predicted an increase of 0.5 and 0.25 ng/ml of 24-h urinary 1-OHP for coke oven workers and non-coke oven workers, respectively. Data collected in a winter season showed a higher correlation between first morning and 24-h concentrations than data collected in a fall season. Creatinine adjustments did not significantly improve overall correlations between first morning void and 24-h measurements, but increased total variances for 24-h urines explained by first morning urines in coke workers.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the study participants and our co-workers at Anshan Environmental Monitoring Center, Anshan Iron and Steel Company, and UMDNJ, who participated in the collection of original data. We also thank Dr. Dana Barr at CDC for her useful suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript. The original data collection was funded by a grant from the National Cancer Institute to UMDNJ (1R21-CA94743 -01). Drs. Zhang and Rhoads are in part supported by NIEHS Center grant to UMDNJ (P30 ES05022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA

    In-Kyu Han, Lin Zhang, George G Rhoads & Junfeng Zhang

  2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100012, China

    Xiaoli Duan

  3. An-shan Environmental Monitoring Center, Changqing Street, Anshan city, 114000, Liaonin province, China

    Hongbiao Yang

  4. China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Yuhui Nan Lu1, Bei Si Huan, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China

    Fusheng Wei

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  1. In-Kyu Han
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Correspondence to Junfeng Zhang.

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Han, IK., Duan, X., Zhang, L. et al. 1-Hydroxypyrene concentrations in first morning voids and 24-h composite urine: intra- and inter-individual comparisons. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18, 477–485 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500639

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