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Systems metabolic engineering of microorganisms for food and cosmetics production

Nature Reviews Bioengineering volume 1, pages 832–857 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

The demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly sources of foods and cosmetics is increasing owing to concerns about the rapid growth of the global population and climate change. Microorganisms are promising cell factories in which to produce various food and cosmetic ingredients. However, the commercialization of microbial-based food and cosmetic compounds is still limited by the insufficient performances of microbial strains and processes. Systems metabolic engineering can improve the performance of microorganisms. In this Review, we highlight food and cosmetic compounds that can be produced using microorganisms. We then discuss systems metabolic engineering, with its different phases that include production mode and host selection, metabolic pathway reconstruction, tolerance enhancement, metabolic flux and fermentation process optimization, downstream process integration and scale-up, which can be optimized to improve the development of high-performance microbial processes. Finally, we overview the current limitations and future directions of industrializing microbial processes for the production of food and cosmetic compounds.

Key points

  • Microorganisms can serve as green factories for the production of food and cosmetic products.

  • A growing number of food and cosmetic compounds are commercially produced from renewable substrates using microorganisms.

  • Systems metabolic engineering could facilitate the development of high-performance microbial cell factories.

  • Various tools and strategies are powering up systems metabolic engineering, such as synthetic/systems biology tools and process/evolutionary engineering strategies.

  • Raw materials, performance of microbial strains, fermentation and downstream processes, process scale-up, economic aspects, and societal demands and perception should be collectively considered for the successful commercialization of microbial processes.

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Fig. 1: Microbial production of food and cosmetic products.
Fig. 2: Metabolic pathways for producing carbohydrates, fatty acids, lipids, terpenoids and fat-soluble vitamins.
Fig. 3: Metabolic pathways for producing amino acids, short-chain alcohols, small organic acids, nucleotides and vitamins.
Fig. 4: Applying systems metabolic engineering tools and strategies to optimize metabolic fluxes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (project number PJ01577901) from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, and also by the ‘Development of platform technologies of microbial cell factories for the next-generation biorefineries’ (project number 2022M3J5A1056117) from the National Research Foundation supported by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT.

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  1. Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Kyeong Rok Choi & Sang Yup Lee

  2. BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Kyeong Rok Choi & Sang Yup Lee

  3. BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Sang Yup Lee

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K.R.C. researched data for the article and contributed to the conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing of the manuscript. S.Y.L. contributed to the conceptualization, reviewing and editing of the manuscript.

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Choi, K.R., Lee, S.Y. Systems metabolic engineering of microorganisms for food and cosmetics production. Nat Rev Bioeng 1, 832–857 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-023-00076-y

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