Abstract
The different pluripotent states of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro have been shown to correspond to stages of mouse embryonic development1,2,3,4,5,6. For human cells, little is known about the events that precede the generation of ESCs or whether they correlate with in vivo developmental stages. Here we investigate the cellular and molecular changes that occur during the transition from the human inner cell mass (ICM) to ESCs in vitro. We demonstrate that human ESCs originate from a post-ICM intermediate (PICMI), a transient epiblast-like structure that has undergone X-inactivation in female cells and is both necessary and sufficient for ESC derivation. The PICMI is the result of progressive and defined ICM organization in vitro and has a distinct state of cell signaling. The PICMI can be cryopreserved without compromising ESC derivation capacity. As a closer progenitor of ESCs than the ICM, the PICMI provides insight into the pluripotent state of human stem cells.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, grant FWO-3G062910). S.M.C.d.S.L. was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (Veni 916.76.015) and the Interuniversity Attraction Poles (PAI) (P6/20). P.D.S. is holder of a fundamental clinical research mandate by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen). We would like to thank Ferring Company (Aalst, Belgium) for financial support of this study. We thank C. Mummery for discussions and B. Roelen for comments on the manuscript; A. Egorova, C. Visseren and E. Mello-Aho for technical help with the qRT-PCR; A. Bernardo for technical help with the confocal; M. Van der Jeught and G. Duggal for help with culture maintenance; and the medical illustrator of Anatomy/LUMC, S. Blankevoort, for preparing Figure 3h.
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T.O'L. conceived, designed and performed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the paper. B.H. designed experiments and analyzed data. S.L. performed experiments. D.v.B. performed experiments and analyzed data. J.J.G. performed the biostatistical analysis. M.V. performed experiments. D.D. analyzed data. S.M.C.d.S.L. designed and performed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the paper. P.D.S. designed experiments and analyzed data.
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O'Leary, T., Heindryckx, B., Lierman, S. et al. Tracking the progression of the human inner cell mass during embryonic stem cell derivation. Nat Biotechnol 30, 278–282 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2135
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2135
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