Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is an important mechanism for the induction of cell death in cancer cells by antineoplastic agents that damage DNA. This process is facilitated by defects in the G1 and G2 checkpoints of the cell cycle that are apparent in most cancer cells and which allow the cells to enter mitosis with DNA damage. We have now characterized the dynamics of mitotic catastrophe induced by DNA-damaging agents in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cells that entered mitosis with DNA damage transiently arrested at metaphase for more than 10 h without segregation of chromosomes and subsequently died directly from metaphase. In those metaphase arrested precatastrophic cells, anaphase-promoting complex appeared to be inactivated and BubR1 was persistently localized at kinetochores, suggesting that spindle checkpoint is activated after the DNA damage. Furthermore, suppression of spindle checkpoint function by BubR1 or Mad2 RNA interference in the DNA damaged cells led to escape from catastrophic death and to subsequent abnormal mitosis. Dysfunction of the spindle checkpoint in p53-deficient cancer cells is thus likely a critical factor in resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic agents.
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Abbreviations
- APC:
-
anaphase-promoting complex
- GFP:
-
green fluorescent protein
- DIC:
-
differential interference contrast
- CCD:
-
charge-coupled device
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr AB Pardee for helpful discussions and critical reading; Dr B Vogelstein (Johns Hopkins University) for providing p53+/+ and p53−/− HCT116 cells; Dr T Yen (Fox Chase Cancer Center) for the anti-BubR1 monoclonal antibodies; Dr WM Bonner for the anti-γ-H2AX antibodies; Drs GM Wahl and T Kanda for the GFP-tagged histone H2B expression plasmid; Dr K Brocklehurst for editorial assistance; Y Fukushima for help in preparing the manuscript; members of the Saya lab for valuable suggestions; and members of the Gene Technology Center at Kumamoto University for their contributions to the technical assistance. This work was supported by the Research for the Future program of the Japan Society for the promotion of Science and by a grant for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (to HS).
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Nitta, M., Kobayashi, O., Honda, S. et al. Spindle checkpoint function is required for mitotic catastrophe induced by DNA-damaging agents. Oncogene 23, 6548–6558 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207873
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207873
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