The connection between random grain motion and viscosity in shaken sand — a strongly non-equilibrium system — has been probed. Curiously, the link is similar to that found in an ordinary liquid in thermal equilibrium.
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Umbanhowar, P. Shaken sand — a granular fluid?. Nature 424, 886–887 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/424886a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/424886a
