Abstract
MITOGEN-ACTIVATED protein kinases, MAP kinases or ERKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) are rapidly stimulated by growth-promoting factors acting on a variety of cell-surface receptors1,2. In turn, ERKs phosphorylate and regulate key intra-cellular enzymes and transcription factors involved in the control of cellular proliferation3,4. The tyrosine-kinase class of growth-factor receptors transmits signals to ERKs in a multistep process that involves Ras and a limited number of defined molecules5. In contrast, ERK activation by G-protein-coupled receptors is poorly understood3,6, as is the role of ras in this signalling pathway7,8. We have explored in COS-7 cells the mechanism of ERKs activation by ml and m2 muscarinic receptors, typical examples of receptors coupled through Gq proteins to induce phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and to Gi proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, respectively9. Here we present evidence that ERK activation is mediated by βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins acting on a ras-dependent pathway.
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Crespo, P., Xu, N., Simonds, W. et al. Ras-dependent activation of MAP kinase pathway mediated by G-protein βγ subunits. Nature 369, 418–420 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1038/369418a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/369418a0
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