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Unidirectional rotary motion in a molecular system

Nature volume 401, pages 150–152 (1999)Cite this article

Abstract

The conversion of energy into controlled motion plays an important role in both man-made devices and biological systems. The principles of operation of conventional motors are well established, but the molecular processes used by ‘biological motors’ such as muscle fibres, flagella and cilia1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 to convert chemical energy into co-ordinated movement remain poorly understood10,11,12. Although ‘brownian ratchets’13,14,15,16 are known to permit thermally activated motion in one direction only, the concept of channelling random thermal energy into controlled motion has not yet been extended to the molecular level. Here we describe a molecule that uses chemical energy to activate and bias a thermally induced isomerization reaction, and thereby achieve unidirectional intramolecular rotary motion. The motion consists of a 120° rotation around a single bond connecting a three-bladed subunit to the bulky remainder of the molecule, and unidirectional motion is achieved by reversibly introducing a tether between the two units to energetically favour one of the two possible rotation directions. Although our system does not achieve continuous and fast rotation, the design principles that we have used may prove relevant for a better understanding of biological and synthetic molecular motors producing unidirectional rotary motion.

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Figure 1: Compound 1, a triptycyl[4]helicene.
Figure 2: Schematic representation of the concepts underlying the design of the system.
Figure 3: Sequence of events in the chemically powered rotation of 2 to 7.
Figure 4
Figure 5: Spectroscopic evidence that carbonyl dichloride fuels the unidirectional rotation of 2.

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Acknowledgements

We thank S. Jasmin and Y. Zhao for contributions to the preparation of necessary quantities of 2, and J. Sieglen and B. Wang for technical assistance. This work was supported by the NIH.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, E. F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, 02467, Massachusetts, USA

    T. Ross Kelly, Harshani De Silva & Richard A. Silva

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Correspondence to T. Ross Kelly.

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Kelly, T., De Silva, H. & Silva, R. Unidirectional rotary motion in a molecular system. Nature 401, 150–152 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/43639

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