Validation of the Dutch Version of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ-NL)
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been shown to be involved in the maintenance of a variety of emotional problems. In addition, earlier research found that different forms of RNT such as worry and rumination show very similar characteristics. It was therefore suggested that RNT is best conceptualized as a transdiagnostic process. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) was developed as a content-independent measure of RNT to allow research into this process from a transdiagnostic perspective. In a recent study, good psychometric properties were established for the original German and English versions of the measure. The current study describes the crossvalidation of the PTQ in two Dutch-speaking samples, one from the Netherlands and one from Belgium (total N = 1,845). The factor structure of the original PTQ with one higher-order factor and three lower-order factors was replicated for the Dutch-language version of the measure (PTQ-NL) using confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, the PTQ-NL showed good internal consistency and satisfactory stability. The validity of the measure was supported by substantial correlations with existing measures of RNT as well as with symptom levels of depression and anxiety.
References
1996). The Beck Depression Inventory (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
(1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.
(2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In , Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 77–108). New York: Guilford.
(2006). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Betrouwbaarheid en validiteit van een handzaam alternatief voor de SCL-90 [
(The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Reliability and validity of a short alternative for the SCL-90 ]. Maandblad Geestelijke Volksgezondheid, 61, 120–141.1993). The Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
(2008). The role of rumination and reduced concreteness in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 488–506.
(2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 192–205.
(2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 225–232.
(2008). Transdiagnostic emotion regulation processes in bipolar disorder and insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1096–1100.
(2002). Trouble in bed: The role of presleep worry and intrusions in the maintenance of insomnia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 16, 161–177.
(2004). Cognitive behavioral processes across psychological disorders. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
(1992). Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted? Psychological Bulletin, 112, 351–362.
(2007). Social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and postevent rumination: Affective consequences and social contextual influences. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 284–301.
(2007). Predictors of post-event rumination related to social anxiety. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 36, 112–122.
(2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 58–82.
(2010). Are worry, rumination, and post-event processing one and the same? Development of the repetitive thinking questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 509–519.
(1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495.
(1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121.
(2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424.
(2003). De Nederlandstalige versie van de Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-NL) en de Rumination on Sadness Scale (RSS-NL) [
(The Dutch version of the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-NL) and the Rumination on Sadness Scale (RRS-NL) ]. Gedragstherapie, 36, 97–104.2010). Dimensions of negative thinking and the relations with symptoms of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 333–342.
(2010). Brooding and reflection as subtypes of rumination: Evidence from confirmatory factor analysis in nonclinical samples using the Dutch Ruminative Response Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 609–617.
(1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
(1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 284–304.
(2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.
(2002). Handleiding bij de Nederlandse versie van Beck Depression Inventory – second edition (BDI – II – NL) [
(Manual of the Dutch version of the Beck Depression Inventory – second edition (BDI – II – NL) ]. Amsterdam, NL: Harcourt.1980). Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelingsvragenlijst ZBV: Een nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger state-trait-anxiety inventory [
(Manual of the Dutch version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ]. Lisse: Zwets & Zeitlinger.1999). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Worry Domains Questionnaire: Structure, reliability and validity. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 297–307.
(1992). A catastrophizing assessment of worrisome thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 505–520.
(2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163–206.
(