Initial Validity Evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 Among Greek Exercise Participants
Abstract
The present study investigated the factor structure, scale dimensionality, discriminant validity, internal consistency, simplex structure, and nomological validity of the Greek translation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2; Markland & Tobin, 2004). A total of 733 Greek exercise participants completed the translated scale to indicate their reasons for participation in structured exercise programs. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the a priori 5-factor structure with strong internal consistency for the instrument subscales. Further support was obtained for the simplex pattern as well as the nomological correlations of the translated BREQ-2 responses with self-determination theory variables. Overall, the results provided initial support for the psychometric value of the Greek translation of the BREQ-2, rendering it appropriate for continued self-determination exercise research among Greek-speaking exercise participants.
References
1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411–423.
(2000). Translating questionnaires and inventories using a cross-cultural translation technique. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 19, 374–387.
(1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In , Testing structural equation models (pp. 445–455). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
(2002). Intervention to change physical activity behavior. In , Exercise psychology (pp. 229–253). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
(1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
(2000). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, application, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
(2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, application, and programming (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
(2009). A cross-cultural analysis of autonomy in education: A self-determination theory perspective. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 253–262.
(1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
(1988). Exercise adherence: It’s impact on public health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
(2006). A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240–2265.
(1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 141–146.
(1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternative. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
(2008). The role of motives in exercise participation. Psychology and Health, 23, 807–828.
(1999). The exercise motivation scale: Its multifaceted structure and construct validity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 97–115.
(2004). A modification to the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 191–196.
(2007). Physical activity and health. Nutrition Bulletin, 32, 314–363.
(2007). Measuring self-determination motivation in a physical fitness setting: Validation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) in a Spanish sample. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47, 366–374.
(1997). A graded conceptualization of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 745–752.
(1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335–354.
(2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107–124.
(2002). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model. In , Handbook of self determination research (pp. 37–64). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
(2008). Reflections on self-determination theory. Canadian Psychology, 49, 257–269.
(2004). How to become a persevering exerciser: The importance of providing a clear, future goal in an autonomy-supportive way. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 232–249.
(2006). Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 10, 179–201.
(2004). The relationship between perceived autonomy support, exercise regulations, and behavioral intentions in women. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 229–242.
(2002). Examining the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 6, 1–21.
(1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 115–126.
(