Selbstkontrollstrategien bei hohem wahrgenommenem Stress und hohen Bewegungsbarrieren
Bedeutung für die Erklärung sportlicher Aktivität bei Polizeiangestellten
Abstract
Die Ressourcen der exekutiven Funktionen von Menschen sind begrenzt, weshalb nicht unbeschränkt Energie in die Selbstkontrollfunktion investiert werden kann. Aus sport- und gesundheitspsychologischer Perspektive bedeutet dies, dass chronischer Stress möglicherweise die Kapazität von Personen herabsetzt, die kognitive Kontrolle über ihr Sportverhalten aufrechtzuerhalten. Aufbauend auf den Postulaten des Strength Model of Self-Control wird in der vorliegenden Studie geprüft, ob der häufige Gebrauch spontaner Selbstkontrollstrategien bei 300 Polizeiangestellten (30 % Frauen, M = 41.8 Jahre) mit mehr Sportaktivität einhergeht, wenn sich diese hohem Stress ausgesetzt fühlen oder ein hohes Mass an sportbezogenen Barrieren wahrnehmen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass der spontane Gebrauch von Implementierungsintentionen und Strategien der Intentionsabschirmung mit erhöhter Sportaktivität assoziiert ist. Dieser Zusammenhang scheint jedoch unabhängig vom Stressniveau und den wahrgenommenen Bewegungsbarrieren zu sein. Die Studie unterstützt die Annahme, dass volitionale Selbstkontrollstrategien wie das Formulieren von Handlungsplänen und das Antizipieren von Bewegungsbarrieren und Bewältigungsstrategien bei Polizeiangestellten zur verbesserten Umsetzung gesundheitsbezogener Verhaltensziele beiträgt.
The resources of human executive functions are limited, which is why unlimited self-control energy cannot be invested. From a sport and exercise psychology perspective, chronic stress might reduce individuals’ capacity to maintain their cognitive control over their exercise behaviour. Drawing on the Strength Model of Self-Control, the present study examined whether the frequent use of spontaneous self-control strategies is associated with higher exercise participation among participants who perceive high levels of stress and encounter many exercise-related behavior barriers. The sample consisted of 300 police officers (30 % women, M = 41.8 years). The findings show that implementation intentions and coping planning are associated with an increased level of exercise. However, this relationship is independent of participants’ level of perceived stress and behavior barriers. The findings support the notion that self-control strategies such as formulating specific action plans and anticipating strategies to cope with possible behavior obstacles increases the likelihood that individuals enact their behavior goals.
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