Kontextabhängige Kreativität
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Menschliche Kreativität ist nicht nur ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal, sie wird vielmehr stark durch den sozialen Kontext beeinflusst. Unsere motivationale Theorie der Kreativität basiert auf der regulatorischen Fokustheorie und dem Stimmung als Informations-Ansatz. Wir nehmen darin an, dass Menschen durch Reize in der Umgebung in einen Promotion Fokus der Annäherung oder einen Prevention Fokus der Vermeidung versetzt werden können. Ein Promotion Fokus begünstigt kreatives Denken, während ein Prevention Fokus dieses eher behindert. In zahlreichen Experimenten fanden sich hypothesenkonforme Ergebnisse, die in einem Überblick zusammengefasst werden sollen. Weiterhin werden neuere Ergebnisse präsentiert, die zeigen, dass vor allem die starke Perseveranz auf konventionellen Lösungen zu einer Minderung der Kreativität in einem Prevention Fokus führt. Abschließend sollen erste Experimente präsentiert werden, die zeigen, dass Annäherungsmotive die rechte Gehirnhälfte aktivieren, was wiederum kreatives Denken fördert, während Vermeidungsmotive die linke Gehirnhälfte aktivieren, was analytisches Denken fördert. Die Befunde werden auf der Grundlage bestehender Theorien diskutiert und Konsequenzen für den Alltag werden aufgezeigt.
Abstract. Human creativity is not only a personality trait it is rather influenced by the social context. Our motivational model on creativity is based on regulatory focus theory and the mood as information approach. We assume that cues in the environment can induce either a promotion focus of approach or a prevention focus of avoidance. A promotion focus facilitates creative thinking, whereas a prevention focus interferes with it. We summarize numerous experiments which are consistent with this prediction. Additionally, recent experiments will be reported which demonstrate that participants in a prevention focus are perseverant on conservative solutions which then leads to deficits in creativity. Finally, some recent evidence is reported showing that approach motives are represented in the right hemisphere facilitating creative thinking whereas avoidance motives are represented in the left hemisphere, facilitating analytic thinking. We discuss our research on the basis of existing theories and point to some implications for everyday life.
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