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Themenschwerpunkt/Theme Articles

Entwicklungspsychopathologie der ADHS

Published Online:September 02, 2008https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.56.4.265

Abstract

Galt die ADHS vor einigen Jahren noch als eine Erkrankung des Kindes- und Jugendalters, so versteht man heute darunter ein Störungsbild über die Lebensspanne. Mit Beginn im Vorschulalter divergieren die Symptome in Abhängigkeit des Alters. Daraus lässt sich ein Modell ableiten, welches diese Veränderungen (Komorbiditäten, Alltagsbeeinträchtigungen) auf der Zeitachse dokumentiert und mit den jeweils gültigen diagnostischen Kriterien in Verbindung bringt. Ausgehend von einer genetischen Prädisposition und einer neurobiologischen Dysregulation sind Faktoren festzustellen, die über die Lebensspanne andauern, sich altersspezifisch verändern oder nur für einen bestimmten Entwicklungsabschnitt gültig sind. Es wird deutlich, dass das Vorschulalter und der Übergang in das Erwachsenenalter die Phasen darstellen, in denen sich die meisten qualitativen Veränderungen feststellen lassen. Dies hat Implikationen für die klinische Praxis, indem diese Veränderungen zu Zwecken der Prävention, des diagnostischen Prozesses und der Therapieplanung herangezogen werden können und somit sowohl dem Anwender eine Hilfestellung bieten, aber auch als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Studien herangezogen werden können.


Developmental Psychopathology of ADHD

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), formerly regarded as a typical disorder of childhood, has recently been conceptualized as a disorder persisting across the lifespan. With an onset during preschool age, symptoms vary according to developmental phase investigated. From the perspective of developmental psychopathology, a model is introduced that comprises both the stability and variability of ADHD symptoms and of concurrent comorbidity across the lifespan. Based on a genetic vulnerability and associated neuropsychological dysfunction, developmental factors shape the quality and intensity of symptoms across childhood, adolescence and adulthood. These age-dependent differences in clinical expression have major implications for clinical assessment and intervention as well as for future research strategies.

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