Abstract
The effect of water deprivation on the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine and sulphadimidine in the Nubian goat was studied. Water deprivation, to a level of dehydration at which the animals lost an average of 7.5% body weight, resulted in a significant reduction in antipyrine clearance (p<0.05), and a consequently increased AUC value (p<0.05). No effect was observed on the distribution parameters of the drug. In dehydrated animals which had lost an average of 10% or 12.5% of their body weight owing to water deprivation, significant changes were found in the distribution and elimination pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine and sulphadimidine. The volume of distribution was significantly decreased, resulting in elevated plasma levels for the two drugs compared to normally watered animals. Significant decreases in clearance and subsequent prolongation of the elimination half-lives were observed during these periods of water deprivation. These changes in the disposition kinetics of the two drugs may be attributed to the loss of total body water and extracellular fluids and changes in the liver and kidney functions taking place during dehydration.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Alaku, O. and Moruppa, S.M., 1983. Dry season weight loss in Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats reared in the Sahel region of North-east Nigeria. International Journal of Biometeorology, 27, 143–156
Baggot, J.D., 1977. Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals, (W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia)
Bakar, S.K. and Niazi, S., 1983. Effect of water deprivation on aspirin disposition kinetics. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72, 1030–1034
Ben-Zvi, Z., Rubin, M., Creveld, C.V. and Yagil, R., 1995. Antipyrine disposition in the dehydrated camel. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 18, 137–140
Branch, R.A., Shand, D.G., Wilkinson, G.R. and Nies, A.S., 1974. Increased clearance of antipyrine and d-propanol after phenobarbitone treatment in the monkey. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 53, 1101–1107
Bratton, A.C. and Marshall, E.K., 1939. A new coupling component for sulphadimidine determination. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 128, 537–550
Brodie, B.B., Axelrod, J., Soberman, R. and Levy, B.B., 1949. The estimation of antipyrine in biological materials. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 179, 25–29
Danhof, M. and Teunissen, M.W., 1984. Antipyrine as a model drug to assess oxidative drug metabolising enzymes in man. Pharmacy International, 5, 11–15
El-Hadi, H.M., 1986. The effect of dehydration of Sudanese Desert sheep and goats. Journal of Agricultural Science, UK, 106, 17–20
Gad, S. and Weil, C.S., 1986. Statistics and Experimental Design for Toxicologists, (The Telford Press, Caldwell, NJ)
Gavrielli, R., Yagil, R., Ziv, G., Creveld, C.V. and Glickman, A., 1995. Effect of water deprivation on the disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in camels. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 18, 333–339
Gibaldi, M. and Perrier, D., 1982. Pharmacokinetics, 2nd edn, (Marcel Dekker, New York)
Houpt, T.R., 1977. Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animals, 9th edn, (Cornell University Press, London)
Hunter, R.P., Brown, S.A., Rollins, J.K. and Nelligan, D.F., 1991. The effects of experimentally induced bronchopneumonia on the pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion of gentamicin in healthy and pneumonic calves. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 14, 276–292
Konig, P.K. and Cantilena, L., 1994. Antipyrine as a model drug substance to assess oxidative metabolism. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154, 590–591
Lee, D.H.K. and Robinson, K., 1941. Reactions of the sheep to hot atmospheres. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Queensland, 53, 189–200
Loft, S., 1990. Metronidazole and antipyrine as probes for the study of foreign compound metabolism. Pharmacology and Toxicology, 66(supplement 6), 1–31
Mohamed, S.M., Ali, B.H. and Hassan, T., 1988. Some effects of water deprivation on Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) in the Sudan. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 90A, 225–228
Mousa, H.M. and Elkalifa, M.Y., 1992. Effects of water deprivation on dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention in Sudan desert lambs and kids. Small Ruminant Research, 6, 311–316
Nawaz, M., 1982. Factors affecting disposition kinetics of sulphadimidine in animals. In: Abstracts, Second Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toulouse, 1982, (Pharmacologie et Toxicologie Vé té rinaires, publication No. 8, INRA, Paris), 193–194
Nawaz, M. and Nawaz, R., 1983. Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine in sheep during summer and winter. Veterinary Record, 112, 379–381
Ohya, M., 1965. Experimental studies on dehydration in ruminants. II. Fluctuation of various phases of body fluids in goats under prolonged water restriction. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science, 27, 41–54
Soberman, R., Brodie, B.B., Levy, B.B., Axelrod, J., Hollander, V. and Steele, J.M., 1949. The use of antipyrine in the measurement of total body water in man. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 179, 31–42
Vesell, E.S., 1979. The antipyrine test in clinical pharmacology: conceptions and misconceptions. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 26, 275–286
Yagil, R., 1993. Renal function and water metabolism in the dromedary. Moving points in nephrology. Contributions to Nephrology, 102, 161–170
Yagil, R., Sod-Morash, U.A. and Meyerstein, N., 1974. Dehydration and camel blood. American Journal of Physiology, 226, 298–308
Yagil, R., Creveld, C.V., Ben-Zvi, Z., Glickman, A. and Ziv, G., 1994a. Disposition kinetics of chloramphenicol in normal and dehydrated camels. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Edinburgh, 1994, 62–63
Yagil, R., Creveld, C.V., Yaaran, A., Glickman, A. and Ziv, G., 1994b. Disposition kinetics of oxytetracycline in normal and dehydrated camels. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Edinburgh, 1994, 101–102
Ziv, G., Ben-Zvi, Z., Yagil, R., Creveld, C.V. and Glickman, A., 1991. Disposition kinetics of gentamicin in the normal and dehydrated camel. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 87, 110–113
Ziv, G., Creveld, C.V., Ben-Zvi, Z., Glickman, A. and Yagil, R., 1995. Disposition kinetics of tylosin tartrate administered intravenously and intramuscularly to normal and water-deprived camels. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 181, 299–305
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elsheikh, H., Osman, I. & Abdullah, A. The effect of water deprivation on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine following intravenous administration in Nubian goats. Vet Res Commun 21, 587–597 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005975016275
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005975016275