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Size and Geographical Variation in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10: Source Profiles from Soils in the Western United States

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Abstract

Source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for use in chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment are reported for soil dust from unpaved roads and desert lands. The objectives were to add to the library of source composition profiles available for CMB studies, and to provide data on the variation in wind-blown dust composition between particle sizes and geographical locations. Samples were resuspended and sampled through PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 inlets onto filters, then chemically analyzed for 40 elements, seven ions and eight carbon fractions. Air quality management would benefit from technology that can distinguish soil dust from sites in different geographical locations and sites with different land uses. Five geographical clusters representing Ft Bliss, TX, Dona Ana County, NM, Ft Irwin, CA, the west desert and the Canyonlands, UT, were examined. Distinctive differences were found between sites within a cluster and these differences were comparable to the differences between cluster averages. Some sites showed small differences in chemical composition between particle sizes, but these differences were less than the differences observed between nearby geographical locations. Dust emissions from sites with uniform geology have distinctive source profiles that may be useful for CMB receptor modeling. Heterogeneous regions, defined by land management boundaries, will require extensive field sampling to develop representative composite source profiles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering, University of Utah, 112 Skaggs Hall, 20 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112-5820, USA

    Raed Labban & John M. Veranth

  2. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, Nevada, 89512-1095, USA

    Judith C. Chow, Johann L. P. Engelbrecht & John G. Watson

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  1. Raed Labban
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  2. John M. Veranth
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  3. Judith C. Chow
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  4. Johann L. P. Engelbrecht
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  5. John G. Watson
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Labban, R., Veranth, J.M., Chow, J.C. et al. Size and Geographical Variation in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10: Source Profiles from Soils in the Western United States. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 157, 13–31 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000038855.96607.c6

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