Abstract
Thanatephorus cucumeris is a ubiquitous fungus responsible for many types of plant diseases worldwide. All isolates from infected Hevea brasiliensis trees secreted pectolytic enzymes; polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PL) and cellulolyticenzymes; β-glucosidase and cellobiase in culture. The extracts of the rubber tree leaf tissues, inoculated with T. cucumeris did not show any PG activity. However, PL activity was detected in tissue with the establishment of the infection. The levels ofβ-glucosidase, an inherent enzyme in Hevea spp. increased rapidly following infection. However, cellobiase was detected only with the initiation of infection. Molecular weights of PG in all isolates were similar and in the range of 53,000 to 58,000. PL alsofollowed the same pattern showing a molecular weight around 39,000.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barker KR, Walker JC. Relationship of pectolytic and cellolytic enzyme production by strains of Pellicularia fillamentosa to their pathogenecity. Phytopathology 1962; 52: 1119–1125.
Baker KF. Types of Rhizoctonia diseases and their occurrence. In: Parameter JR, ed. Rhizoctonia solani: Biology and Pathology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970: 125–148.
Mordue JEM. Thanatephorus cucumeris. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. No. 406. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK, 1974: 2 pp.
Trindade DR, Poltronieri LS, Albuquerque FCde, De-Albuquerque FE. Target leaf spot caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris on orange trees in the state of Para, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 1997; 22: 115–116.
Lakshman P, Mohan S. Occurrence of a new leaf spot disease of Musa sp. incited by Thanatephorus cucumeris. Phytoparasitica 1989, 17: 123–126.
Lorenz RC. A new leaf disease of Hevea in Peru. Journal of Forestry 1948; 46: 27–30.
Jayasinghe CK, Natural occurrence of Thanatephorus cucumeris leaf spots on Hevea brasiliensis in Sri Lanka. Plant Pathology 1993; 42: 473–474.
Wood RKS. Pectic and cellulolytic enzymes in plant diseases. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 1960; 11: 299–322.
Bateman DF, Miller RL. Pectin enzymes in tissue degradation. Annual Review of Phytopathology 1966; 4: 119–146.
English PD, Jurale JB, Albersheim P. Host pathogen interactions II. Parameters affecting polysaccharide degrading enzyme secretion by Colletotrichum lindermuthianum grown in culture. Plant Physiology 1971; 47: 1–6.
Cam B.le, Massiot P, Rouxel F, Le-Cam B. Cell wall polysaccharide — degrading enzymes produced by isolates of Mycocentrospora acerina differing in aggressiveness on carrot. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 1994; 44: 187–198.
Fernando THPS, Jayasinghe CK, Wijesundera RLC. Cell wall degrading enzyme secretion by Colletotrichum acutatum, the causative fungus of secondary leaf fall of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber). Mycological Research 2001; 105: 95–201.
Bateman DF. Alteration of cell wall components during pathogenesis by Rhizoctonia solani. In: Mirocha CT, Uritani I, eds, The dynamic role of molecular constituents in plant-parasite interactions, American Phytopathological Society Minnesota, 1967: 58–79.
Lai MT, Weinhold AR, Hancock JG. Permeability changes in Phaseolus aurens associated with infection by Rhizoctonia solani Phytopathology 1968; 58: 240–245.
Mount MS, Bateman DF, Basham HG. Induction of electrolyte loss, tissue maceration and cellular death of potato tissue by an endopolygalacturonate transcliminase. Phytopapthology 1970; 60: 925–931.
Jayasinghe CK, Wijesundera RLC. Cell wall degrading enzymes of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka 2000; 82: 47–60.
Bateman DF. The macerating enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 1963; 53: 1178–1186.
Bailey JA, O'Connell RJ, Pring RJ, Nash C. Infection strategies of Colletotrichum species. In: Bailey JA, Jeger MJ, eds. Colletotrichum: biology, pathology and control. Redwood Press, UK, 1992: 88–120.
Person, LH. Pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from potatoes. Phytopathology 1945: 35: 132–134.
EL-Abyad MS, Amira M, Abu-Taleb, Mary S Khalil. Impact of salinity stress on soil borne fungi of sugar beet. Plant and Soil 1992; 143: 75–83.
Deshpande, PB. Studies on the pectolytic enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. IV. Viscosity reducing enzymes. Enzymologia 1960; 22: 295–306.
CAB Pest CD Silver plates information, CAB International UK, 1989–2001.
CMI Review of plant pathology, CAB International UK, 1964–1989.
Byrde RJW, Fielding AH. Pectin methyl trans-eliminase as the macerating factor of Sclerotinia fructigan and its significance in brown rot of apple. Journal of General Microbiology 1968; 52: 287–297.
SAS. SAS/STAT guide for personal computers. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Fielding AH. Natural inhibitors of fungal polygalacturonases in infected fruit tissues. Journal of General Microbiology 1981; 123: 377–381.
Andrews P. Estimation of the molecular weight of proteins by sephadex gel-filtration. Biochemical Journal 1964; 91: 222–233.
Dingle M, Reid W, Solomons GL. The enzymatic degradation of pectin and other polysaccharides. II Application of the cup plate assay for estimation of enzymes. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture 1953; 4: 149–155.
Nema AG. Studies on pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes produced by Fusarium udum, causing wilt of pigeon pea. Indian Journal of Forestry 1992; 15: 353–355.
Wijesundera RLC, Bailley JA, Byrde RJW. Production of pectin lyase by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in culture and infected bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tissue. Journal of General Microbiology 1984; 130: 285–290.
Senaratne LK, Wijesundera RLC, Liyanage AdeS. Morphological and physiological characters of two isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Mycological Research 1991; 95: 1085–1089.
Wijesundera RLC, Bailey JA, Byrde RJW, Fielding AH. Cell wall degrading enzymes of Colletrotrichum lindemuthianum: their role in the development bean antracnose. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 1989; 34: 403–413.
Brown AE, Adikaram NKB. A role for pectinase and protease inhibitors in fungal rot development in tomato fruits. Phytopathology Zeitschrift 1983; 106: 239–251.
Brown AE. Relationship of endo-polygalacturonase inhibitor activity to the rate of fungal rot development in apple fruits. Phytopathology Zeitschrift 1984; 111: 122–132.
Abu-Goukh AA, Greve LC, Labavitch JM.. Purification and partial characterization of “Bartlett” pear fruit polygalacturonase inhibitors. Physiological Plant Pathology 1983; 23: 111–122.
Cooper RM, The mechanism and significance of enzymic degradation of host cell walls by parasites. In: Callow JA, ed. Biochemical Plant Pathology. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., London, 1983.
Lieberei R, Nahrstedt A, Selmar D, Gasparotto, L. Occurrence of lotaustralin in the genus Hevea and changes of HCNpotential in developing organs Hevea brasiliensis. Phytochemistry 1986; 25: 1573–1578.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jayasinghe, C., Wijayaratne, S. & Fernando, T. Characterization of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes of Thanatephorus Cucumeris . Mycopathologia 157, 73–79 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MYCO.0000012210.64378.97
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MYCO.0000012210.64378.97