Abstract
An experimental and theoretical study of the response of aflexible cantilever beam to an external harmonic excitation nearthe beam's third natural frequency is presented. For a certain range ofthe excitation frequency, we observed experimentally that the responseincludes a large contribution due to the first mode of the beamaccompanied by a slow modulation of the amplitude and phase of the thirdmode. In addition, we noted that the energy transfer between the thirdand first modes is very much dependent upon the closeness of themodulation (or Hopf bifurcation) frequency to the first-mode naturalfrequency. In earlier studies by Nayfeh and coworkers, the modulationfrequency was close to the first-mode natural frequency, and thereforelarge first-mode swaying was observed. But for higher forcingamplitudes, the present experiments show that the modulation frequencytends to shift away from the first-mode natural frequency, andsubsequently very little swaying is observed. We also developed areduced-order analytical model by discretizing the integralpartial-differential equation of motion, derived by Crespo daSilva and Glenn, using the Galerkin procedure with a four-modeapproximation. The reduced-order model demonstrates the energy transferfrom the third mode to the first mode.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nayfeh, A. H. and Mook, D. T., Nonlinear Oscillations, Wiley, New York, 1979.
Nayfeh, A. H., Nonlinear Interactions, Wiley, New York, 2000.
Nayfeh, A. H. and Mook, D. T., ‘Energy transfer from high-frequency to low-frequency modes in structures’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, 1995, 186–195.
Dugundji, J. and Mukhopadhyay, V., ‘Lateral bending-torsion vibrations of a thin beam under parametric excitation’, Journal of Applied Mechanics 40, 1973, 693–698.
Haddow, A. G. and Hasan, S. M., ‘Nonlinear oscillation of a flexible cantilever: Experimental results’, in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Nonlinear Vibrations, Stability, and Dynamics of Structures and Mechanisms, Blacksburg, VA, June, 1988.
Burton, T. D. and Kolowith, M., ‘Nonlinear resonances and chaotic motion in a flexible parametrically excited beam’, in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Nonlinear Vibrations, Stability, and Dynamics of Structures and Mechanisms, Blacksburg, VA, June, 1988.
Cusumano, J. P. and Moon, F. C., ‘Low dimensional behavior in chaotic nonplanar motions of a forced elastic rod: experiment and theory’, in Nonlinear Dynamics in Engineering Systems, IUTAM Symposium, Stuttgart, Germany, W. Schiehlen (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990, pp. 60–66.
Anderson, T. J., Balachandran, B., and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Observations of nonlinear interactions in a flexible cantilever beam’, in Proceedings of the 33rd AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Dallas, TX, April, AIAA, New York, 1992, Paper No. 92-2332, pp. 1678–1686.
Anderson, T. J., Balachandran, B., and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Nonlinear resonances in a flexible cantilever beam’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, 1994, 480–484.
Nayfeh, S. A. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Energy transfer from high-to low-frequency modes in a flexible structure via modulation’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, 1994, 203–207.
Popovic, P., Nayfeh, A. H., Oh, K., and Nayfeh, S. A., ‘An experimental investigation of energy transfer from a high-frequency mode to a low-frequency mode in a flexible structure’, Journal of Vibration and Control 1, 1995, 115–128.
Oh, K. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘High-to low-frequency modal interactions in a cantilever composite plate’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, 1998, 579–587.
Tabaddor, M. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘An experimental investigation of multimode responses in a cantilever beam’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 119, 1997, 532–538.
Arafat, H. N. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Transfer of energy from high-to low-frequency modes in the bendingtorsion oscillation of cantilever beams’, in Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Las Vegas, NV, September, ASME, New York, 1999, Paper No. DETC'99/VER8159.
Smith, S.W., Balachandran, B., and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Nonlinear interactions and the Hubble space telescope’, in Proceedings of the 33rd AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Dallas, TX, April, AIAA, New York, 1992, AIAA Paper 92-4617, pp. 1460–1469.
Nayfeh, S. A. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘Nonlinear interactions between two widely spaced modes – external excitation’, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 3, 1993, 417–427.
Nayfeh, S. A., ‘Nonlinear dynamics of systems involving widely spaced frequencies’, M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 1993.
Nayfeh, A. H. and Chin, C.-M., ‘Nonlinear interactions in a parametrically excited system with widely spaced frequencies’, Nonlinear Dynamics 7, 1995, 195–216.
Anderson, T. J., Nayfeh, A. H., and Balachandran, B., ‘Coupling between high-frequency modes and a low-frequency mode: theory and experiment’, Nonlinear Dynamics 11, 1996, 17–36.
Feng, Z. C., ‘Nonresonant modal interactions’, in Proceedings of the 1995 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Boston, MA, September, ASME, New York, 1995, pp. 511–517.
Haller, G., Chaos Near Resonance, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.
Malatkar, P. and Nayfeh, A. H., ‘A parametric identification technique for SDOF weakly nonlinear systems with cubic nonlinearities’, Journal of Vibration and Control, in press.
Timoshenko, S. P. and Goodier, J. N., Theory of Elasticity, third edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970.
McConnell, K. G., Vibration Testing: Theory and Practice, Wiley, New York, 1995.
Crespo da Silva, M. R. M. and Glynn, C. C., ‘Nonlinear flexural-flexural-torsional dynamics of inextensional beams. I. Equations of motion’, Journal of Structural Mechanics 6, 1978, 437–448.
Crespo da Silva, M. R. M. and Glynn, C. C., ‘Nonlinear flexural-flexural-torsional dynamics of inextensional beams. II. Forced motions’, Journal of Structural Mechanics 6, 1978, 449–461.
Anderson, T. J., Nayfeh, A. H., and Balachandran, B., ‘Experimental verification of the importance of the nonlinear curvature in the response of a cantilever beam’, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, 1996, 21–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malatkar, P., Nayfeh, A.H. On the Transfer of Energy between Widely Spaced Modes in Structures. Nonlinear Dynamics 31, 225–242 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022072808880
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022072808880