Abstract
Hedged stock plants of four full-sib families [27-2 × 27-5, 27-3× 27-1, 27-2 × 27-1, and 27-6 × 27-1 (designated B, G, R, andW)] of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilizeddailywith a complete nutrient solution containing N at either 10, 25, 40, 55, or 70mg·L−1. May (spring softwood), July(summersoftwood), and January (winter hardwood) terminal stem cuttings were taken fortissue analysis and rooting studies. Spring cuttings rooted in the highestpercentages (59.5%), followed by winter (40.5%), and summer (34.7%). Maximumrooting for spring (70.0%), summer (48.6%), and winter (55.6%) occurred withcuttings taken from hedges that received N at 55mg·L−1. Genetic differences among familieswere evident as families G and W rooted in greater percentages at lower appliedN rates and family B was the best rooting family at the highest applied N rate.When internal N levels were considered families G and W also rooted best at lowinternal N levels, while family B was the best rooting family at high internalNlevels. Neither total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) nor any of severalspecific carbohydrates were correlated with rooting and an optimal TNC : Nratiofor rooting was not found. Root counts generally increased with increases inapplied N. Root number was weakly correlated with TNC (R = 0.29, P ≤0.01) and several specific sugars, but was not correlated with internal N.Totalroot dry weight, total root length, and total root area responded similarly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen A.S. 1986. Stock plant conditions. In: Jackson M.B. (ed.), New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 223-255.
Anderson A.B., Frampton L.J. and Weir R.J. 1999. Shoot production and rooting ability of cuttings from juvenile greenhouse loblolly pine hedges. Trans. Illinois State Acad. of Science 92: 1-14.
Ericsson A. 1995. Growth and shoot: root ratios in seedlings in relation to nutrient availability. Plant and Soil 168/169: 205-214.
Goldfarb B., Surles S.E., Thetford M. and Blazich F.A. 1998. Effects of root morphology on nursery and first-year field growth of rooted cuttings of loblolly pine. South. J. Appl. For. 22: 231-234.
Haissig B.E. 1984. Carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning in Pinus banksiana seedlings and seedling cuttings. Physiol. Plant. 61: 13-19.
Haissig B.E. 1986. Metabolic processes in adventitious rooting of cuttings. In: Jackson M.B. (ed.), New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 141-190.
Hartmann H.T., Kester D.E., Davies F.T. Jr. and Geneve R.L. 2002. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. 7th edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Henry P.H., Blazich F.A. and Hinesley L.E. 1992a. Nitrogen nutrition of containerized eastern redcedar. II. Influence of stock plant fertility on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117: 568-570.
Henry P.H., Blazich F.A., Hinesley L.E. and Wright R.D. 1992b. Nitrogen nutrition of containerized eastern redcedar. I. Growth, mineral nutrient concentrations, and carbohydrate status. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117: 563-567.
Huber S.C. 1986. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate as a regulatory metabolite in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 37: 233-246.
Hyun S.K. and Hong S.O. 1968. Fundamental mechanism of root formation in the cuttings of forest trees. Inst. For. Genet. Suwon, Korea, Res. Feg. 6: 1-52.
Kozlowski T.T. and Keller J.J. 1966. Food relations of woody plants. Bot. Rev. 32: 293-382.
Kraus E.J. and Kraybill H.R. 1918. Vegetation and reproduction with special reference to the tomato. Ore. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 149.
Moe R. and Andersen A.S. 1988. Stock plant environment and subsequent adventitious rooting. In: Davis T.D., Haissig B.E. and Sankhla N. (eds), Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR, pp. 214-234.
Nasholm T. and McDonald A.J.S. 1990. Dependence of amino acid composition upon nitrogen availability in birch (Betula pendula). Physiol. Plant. 80: 507-514.
Preston W.H. Jr., Shanks J.B. and Cornell P.W. 1953. Influence of mineral nutrition on production, rooting, and survival of cuttings of azaleas. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 61: 499-507.
Rein W.H., Wright R.D. and Wolf D.D. 1991. Stock plant nutrition influences the adventitious rooting of 'Rotundifolia' holly stem cuttings. J. Environ. Hort. 9: 83-85.
Reins M. and Bamping J.H. 1960. Seasonal rooting responses of slash and loblolly pine cuttings. J. For. 58: 646-647.
Reins M. and Bamping J.H. 1962. Carbohydrates and seasonal rooting of cuttings. Ga. For. Res. Conf., Macon, Ga.
Reuveni O. and Raviv M. 1981. Importance of leaf retention to rooting of avocado cuttings. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106: 127-130.
Rowe D.B., Blazich F.A. and Raper C.D. 2002. Nitrogen nutrition of hedged stock plants of loblolly pine I. Tissue nitrogen concentrations and carbohydrate status. New Forests (this issue).
SAS Institute, Inc. 1990. SAS/STAT user's guide. vol. 2. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, N.C.
Tschaplinski T.J. and Blake T.J. 1989. Correlation between early root production, carbohydrate metabolism, and subsequent biomass production in hybrid poplar. Can. J. Bot. 67: 2168-2174.
Veierskov B. 1988. Relations between carbohydrates and adventitious root formation. In: Davis T.D., Haissig B.E. and Sanhla N. (eds), Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR, pp. 70-78.
Veierskov B., Andersen A.S. and Erikson E.N. 1982. Dynamics of extractable carbohydrates in Pisum sativum. I. Carbohydrate and nitrogen content in pea plants and cuttings grown at two different irradiances. Physiol. Plant. 55: 167-173.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rowe, D.B., Blazich, F.A., Goldfarb, B. et al. Nitrogen nutrition of hedged stock plants of Loblolly Pine. II. Influence of carbohydrate and nitrogen status on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings. New Forests 24, 53–65 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020555013964
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020555013964