Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of the viscosity in the precursor solution on the structure of sol-gel derived silica films containing cobalt

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Silica coatings containing cobalt have been prepared from sol-gel precursor solutions having a viscosity in the range of 3 to 40 cP. The different values of viscosity were achieved by aging the solutions with various amount of solvent (ethanol). The structure of these samples was analyzed using x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, infrared absorption and Auger depth profiles. These measurements show that, upon heat treatments in air at 500°C, the cobalt oxidizes to form small oxide particles. However, when the coatings are prepared from precursor solutions with viscosity lower than about 9 cP, the cobalt migrates to the outer surface of the coating were it is oxidized to form the particles. On the other hand, if the coatings are prepared from solutions with a higher viscosity, the oxide particles are formed in the bulk of the coating. The infrared and Raman spectra indicate that the structure of this later set samples is more ordered with fewer amount of voids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. J. BRINKER and G. W. SCHERER, in “Sol-Gel Science, The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing” (Academic, New York, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. H. BOONSTRA and C. A. M. MULDER, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 105 (1988) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. SCHMIDTH, ibid. 82 (1988) 51.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. R. MARTINEZ, F. RUIZ, Y. V. VOROBIEV, F. PÉREZ-ROBLES and J. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, J. Chem. Phys. 109 (1998) 7511.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. SAKKA and K. KAMIYA, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 48 (1982) 31.

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. ZARZYCKI, M. PARSSAS and J. PHALIPPOU, J. Mater. Sci. 17 (1982) 3371.

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. J. BRINKER and G. W. SCHERER, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 70 (1985) 301.

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. M. GLASER and C. G. PANTANO, ibid. 63 (1984) 209.

    Google Scholar 

  9. C. J. BRINKER, K. D. KEEFER, D. W. SCHAEFER and C. S. ASHLEY, ibid. 48 (1982) 47.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. NOGAMI and Y. MORIYA, ibid. 37 (1980) 191.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. C. ALTAMIRANO-JUÁREZ, C. CARRERAFIGUEROA, M. G. GARNÍCA-ROMO, M. L. MENDOZALÓPEZ, M. B. ORTUÑO-LÓPEZ, M. E. PÉREZ-RAMOS, A. RAMOS-MENDOZA, C. RIVERA-RODRÍGUEZ, H. TOTOTZINTLE-HUITLE, J. J. VALENZUELAJÁUREGI, M. A. VIDALES-HURTADO, M. A. HERNÁNDEZ-LANDAVERDE and J. GONZÁLEZHERNÁNDEZ, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 62 (2001) 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. G. REVESZ and G. V. GIBBS, in Proceedings of the Conference Physics of MOS Insulators, edited by G. Lucovsky (Pergamon Press, New York, 1980) p. 92.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. R. HELMS, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979) 608.

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. LUCOVSKY and J. J. FITCH, in “The Physics and Chemistry of SiO2 and Si SiO2 Interfaces, ” edited by C. R. Helms and B. E. Deal (Plenum, New York, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  15. H. IMAI, M. YASUMORI, H. HIRASHIMA, K. AWAZU and H. ONUKI, J. Appl. Phys. 79 (1996) 8304. 4215

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. FIORI and R. A. B. DEVINE, Phys. Rev. B 33 (1986) 2972.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Y. SHACHAM-DIAMOND, E. FINKMAN, Y. PINKAS and N. MORIYA, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59 (1991) 2953.

    Google Scholar 

  18. F. ORGAZ and J. RAWSON, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 82 (1986) 378.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. DURÄN, J. M. FERNÄNDEZ-NAVARRO, P. CASARIEGO and A. JOGLAR, ibid. 82 (1986) 391.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. RAMOS-MENDOZA, H. TOTOTZINTLE-HUITLE, A. MENDOZA-GALVÁN, J. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ and B. S. CHAO, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 (2001) 1600.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. TOTOTZINTLE-HUITLE, A. RAMOS-MENDOZA, A. MENDOZA-GALVÁN, J. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ and B. S. CHAO, in “Mat Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., ” Vol. 672, edited by J. Sánchez, J. G. Amar, R. Murty and G. Gilmer (Materials Research Society, 2001) O8.31.

  22. L. C. SCHUMACHER, I. B. HOLZHUETER, I. R. HILL and M. J. DIGMAN, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 975.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. RICHTER, A. P. WANG and L. LEY, Sol. State Comm. 39 (1981) 625.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, G. H. AZARBAYEJANI, R. TSU and F. H. POLLAK, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 (1985) 1350.

    Google Scholar 

  25. F. L. GALEENER and G. LUCOVSKY, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 (1986) 74.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. G. PAI, S. S. CHAO, Y. TAKAGI and G. LUCOVSKY, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 4 (1986) 689.

    Google Scholar 

  27. P. N. SEN and M. F. THORPE, Phys. Rev. B 15 (1979) 4030.

    Google Scholar 

  28. C. T. KIRK, ibid. 38 (1988) 1255.

    Google Scholar 

  29. P. J. LANGE, J. Appl. Phys. 66 (1989) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. T. FITCH and G. LUCOVSKY, Mater. Res. Soc. Proceed. 92 (1987) 89.

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. LUCOVSKY and D. V. TSU, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5 (1987) 2231.

    Google Scholar 

  32. F. L. GALEENER, Phys. Rev. B 19 (1979) 4292.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad Querétaro, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 1-798, 76001, Querétaro, Qro., México

    H. Tototzintle-Huitle, A. Ramos-Mendoza, A. Mendoza-Galván & J. González-Hernández

  2. Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., 1675 W. Maple Rd., Troy, MI, 48084, USA

    B. S. Chao

Authors
  1. H. Tototzintle-Huitle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Ramos-Mendoza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Mendoza-Galván
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. González-Hernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. S. Chao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tototzintle-Huitle, H., Ramos-Mendoza, A., Mendoza-Galván, A. et al. The effect of the viscosity in the precursor solution on the structure of sol-gel derived silica films containing cobalt. Journal of Materials Science 37, 4211–4216 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020004423332

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020004423332

Keywords

Search

Navigation