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Systematic revision of the genus Petromica Topsent (Demospongiae: Halichondrida), with a new species from the southwestern Atlantic

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Abstract

The status, scope and classification of the sublithistid demosponge genus Petromica Topsent are revised through morphological analysis of museum specimens of all seven species (including proposed synonyms and varieties), two of which were collected and observed in situ along the Brazilian coast (P. ciocalyptoides (Van Soest & Zea) and P. citrina sp. n.). The synonymy of Petromica and Monanthus Kirkpatrick with priority to the former is justified due to the consistent presence of monocrepid rhizoclone desmas and oxeas in an halichondroid arrangement, and to the lack of co-variance in other morphological characters among the species studied (presence and shape of papillae, surface texture, ectosomal skeleton and desma shape). The proposed synonymy of P. grimaldii Topsent and P. massalis Dendy is refuted due to differences in habit and spicule shape between the two species. Three forms described as varieties of Monanthus plumosus Kirkpatrick are raised to species level: P. plumosa (Kirkpatrick), P. tubulata (Kirkpatrick) and P. digitata (Burton). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that two possibly monophyletic clades may be recognized within Petromica, although with low bootstrap support (35–59%): (P. ciocalyptoides, P. citrina) and (P. grimaldii, P. massalis) (P. plumosa) (P. tubulata) (P. digitata). The classification of Petromica within the Halichondriidae (order Halichondrida) is supported by the confused reticulation of long oxeote spicules with ascending spicule tracts, present in all species of the genus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, s/no., São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Guilherme Muricy

  2. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, s/no., São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Eduardo Hajdu & José Valter Minervino

  3. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil

    Eduardo Hajdu

  4. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário, Ondina, 40210, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    Ana Verena Madeira & Solange Peixinho

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Muricy, G., Hajdu, E., Minervino, J.V. et al. Systematic revision of the genus Petromica Topsent (Demospongiae: Halichondrida), with a new species from the southwestern Atlantic. Hydrobiologia 443, 103–128 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017504422239

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