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Semiclassical Expectation Values for Relativistic Particles with Spin 1/2

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Abstract

For relativistic particles with spin 1/2, which are described by the Dirac equation, a semiclassical trace formula is introduced that incorporates expectation values of observables in eigenstates of the Dirac-Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the semiclassical limit of an average of expectation values is expressed in terms of a classical average of the corresponding classical observable.

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Bolte, J. Semiclassical Expectation Values for Relativistic Particles with Spin 1/2. Foundations of Physics 31, 423–444 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017502906292

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