Abstract
We are analyzing genetic diversity in deep-seamount octocorals with the ultimate goal of studying the effect of retention and dispersal of larvae on genetic population structure. Here we report on the sequence diversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene among 11 species. Uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences ranged from 0.4–10.3% for comparisons among species spanning the intrageneric to interordinal levels. Relative to other invertebrates, these divergences are very low, suggesting that COI may not be useful as a genetic marker for studying dispersal among deep-sea octocoral populations. Possible explanations for the reduced rates of divergence observed include a lower rate of evolution for octocoral mitochondrial genomes and the presence of a gene, mtMSH, which may code for a mitochondrial DNA mismatch-repair system. We report the finding of mtMSH in three deep-sea octocorals (Acanthogorgia sp., Corallium ducale, and Paramuricea sp.), which brings the total published observations of this gene to six species, all in the subclass Octocorallia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Avise, J. C., 1994. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Chapman & Hall, New York: 511 pp.
Baldwin, J. D., A. L. Bass, B. W. Bowen & W. H. Clark, Jr., 1998. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the marine shrimp Penaeus. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 10: 399–407.
Bayer, F. M., 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnosis of new Taxa. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 94: 902–947.
Beagley, C. T., J. L. Macfarlane, G. A. Pont-Kingdon, R. Okimoto, N. A. Okada & D. R. Wolstenholme, 1995. Mitochondrial genomes of Anthozoa (Cnidaria). In: Palmieri F., S. Papa, C. Saccone & M. N. Gadaleta (eds), Thirty Years of Progress in Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Molecular Biology, Progress in Cell Research, 5: 149–153.
Beaton, M. J., A. J. Roger & T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Sarcophyton glaucum: conserved gene order among octocorals. J. mol. Evol. 47: 697–708.
Berntson, E. A. & S. C. France, 2001. Generating DNA sequence information from museum collections of octocoral specimens (Phylum Cnidaria: Class Anthozoa). Bull biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 119–129.
Berntson, E. A., F. M. Bayer, A. G. Mcarthur & S. C. France, 2001. Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences. Mar. Biol. 138: 235–246.
Burton, R. S., 1996. Molecular tools in marine ecology. J. Exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 200: 85–101.
Culligan, K. M., G. Meyer-Gauen, J. Lyons-Weiler & J. B. Hays, 2000. Evolutionary origin, diversification and specialization of eukaryotic MutS homolog mismatch repair proteins. Nucl. Acids Res. 28: 463–471.
France, S. C. & L. L. Hoover, 2001. Analysis of variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND3, ND4L, MSH) among Octocorallia (=Alcyonaria)(Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Bull biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 110–118.
France, S. C. & T. D. Kocher, 1996. DNA sequencing of formalin-fixed crustaceans from archival research collections. Mol. mar. Biol. Biotech. 5: 304–313.
France, S. C., P. E. Rosel, J. E. Agenbroad, L. S. Mullineaux & T. D. Kocher, 1996. DNA sequence variation of mitochondrial largesubunit rRNA provides support for a two-subclass organization of the Anthozoa (Cnidaria). Mol. mar. Biol. Biotech. 5: 15–28.
Gilbert, D. G., 1992. SeqApp: a biosequence editor and analysis application. Ver. 1.9a169. Published electronically on the Internet, available via anonymous ftp from ftp.bio.indiana.edu/molbio/seqapp
Grasshoff, M., 1999. The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenberg. Biol. 78: 1–245.
Knowlton, N., L. A. Weigt, L. A. Solórzano, D. K. Mills & E. Bermingham, 1993. Divergence in proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and reproductive compatibility across the Isthmus of Panama. Science 260: 1629–1632.
Kojima, S., R. Segawa, T. Kobayashi, T. Hashimoto, K. Fujikura, J. Hashimoto & S. Ohta, 1995. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) collected around Japan revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes. Mar. Biol. 122: 401–407.
Medina, M. & P. J. Walsh, 2000. Molecular systematics of the order Anaspidea based on mitochondrial DNA sequence (12S, 16S, and COI). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 15: 41–58.
Meyran, J. C., M. Monnerot & P. Taberlet, 1997. Taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of some species of the genus Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) deduced from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 8: 1–10.
Mullineaux, L. S. & S. W. Mills, 1997. A test of the larval retention hypothesis in seamount-generated flows. Deep-Sea Res. 44: 745–770.
Palumbi, S. R., 1996. Nucleic acids II: The polymerase chain reaction. In: Hillis, D. M., C. Moritz & B. K. Mable (eds) Molecular Systematics, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass.: 205–247.
Parker, P. G., A. A. Snow, M. D. Schug, G. C. Booton & P. A. Fuerst, 1998. What molecules can tell us about populations: choosing and using a molecular marker. Ecology 79: 361–382.
Perez, M. L., J. R. Valverde, B. Batuecas, F. Amat, R. Marco & R. Garesse, 1994. Speciation in the Artemia genus: Mitochondrial DNA analysis of bisexual and parthenogenetic brine shrimps. J. mol. Evol. 38: 156–168.
Pont–Kingdon, G. A., N. A. Okada, J. L. Macfarlane, C. T. Beagley, D. R. Wolstenholme, T. Cavalier-Smith & G. D. Clark-Walker, 1995. A coral mitochondrial mutS gene. Nature 375: 109–111.
Pont–Kingdon, G., N. A. Okada, J. L. Macfarlane, C. T. Beagley, C. D. Watkins-Sims, T. Cavalier-Smith, G. D. Clark-Walker & D. R. Wolstenholme, 1998. Mitochondrial DNA of the coral Sarcophyton glaucum contains a gene for a homologue of bacterial MutS: a possible case of gene transfer from the nucleus to the mitochondrion. J. mol. Evol. 46: 419–431.
Roden, G. I., 1991. Mesoscale flow and thermohaline structure around Fieberling seamount. J. geophys. Res. 96: 16,653–16,672.
Shank, T. M., M. B. Black, K. M. Halanych, R. A. Lutz & R. C. Vrijenhoek, 1999. Miocene radiation of deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp (Caridea: Bresiliidae): evidence from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 13: 244–254.
Simon, C., F. Frati, A. Beckenbach, B. Crespi, H. Liu & P. Flook, 1994. Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann. entomol. Soc. Am. 87: 651–701.
Swofford, D. L., 2000. PAUP. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods). Version 4, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Wolstenholme, D. R., 1992. Animal mitochondrial DNA: Structure and evolution. Int. Rev. Cytol. 141: 173–216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
France, S.C., Hoover, L.L. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene have low levels of divergence among deep-sea octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Hydrobiologia 471, 149–155 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016517724749
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016517724749