Abstract
We present results from a global simulation of the interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere for the Bastille Day geomagnetic storm and compare the results with data. We find that during this event the magnetosphere becomes extremely compressed and eroded, causing 3 geosynchronous GOES satellites to enter the magnetosheath for an extended time period. At its extreme, the magnetopause moves at local noon as close as 4.9 R E to Earth which is interpreted as the consequence of the combined action of enhanced dynamic pressure and strong dayside reconnection due to the strong southward interplanetary magnetic field component B z, which at one time reaches a value of −60 nT. The lobes bulge sunward and shield the dayside reconnection region, thereby limiting the reconnection rate and thus the cross polar cap potential. Modeled ground magnetic perturbations are compared with data from 37 sub-auroral, auroral, and polar cap magnetometer stations. While the model can not yet predict the perturbations and fluctuations at individual ground stations, its predictions of the fluctuation spectrum in the 0–3 mHz range for the sub-auroral and high-latitude regions are remarkably good. However, at auroral latitudes (63° to 70° magnetic latitude) the predicted fluctuations are slightly too high.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fedder, J. A. and Lyon, J. G.: 1987, Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 880.
Fuller-Rowell, T. J., Rees, D., Quegan, S., Moffett, R. J., Codrescu, M. V., and Millward, G. H.: 1996, in R. W. Schunk (ed.), ‘A Coupled Termosphere-Ionosphere Model (CTIM)’ STEP Report, NOAA/NGDC, Boulder, Colorado, Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), p. 217.
Gombosi, T. I., DeZeeuw, D. L., Groth, C. P. T., Powel, K. G., and Song, P.: 1998, in: T. Chang and J. R. Jasperse (eds.), 'The Length of the Magentotail for Northward IMF: Results of 3D MHD Simulations', Phys. Space Plasmas (1998), Vol. 15. Cambridge, Mass., p. 121.
Janhunen, P., Pulkkinen, T. I., and Kauristie, K.: 1995, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2049.
Kennel, C. F. and Petschek, H. E.: 1966, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1.
Lyon, J. G., Lopez, R. E., Goodrich, C. C., Wiltberger, M., and Papadopoulos, K.: 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3039.
Lyons, L. R., Evans, D., and Lundin, R.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 457.
Ogino, T.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 6791.
Raeder, J.: 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 17357.
Raeder, J., Berchem, J., and Ashu-Abdalla, M.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 14787.
Raeder, J., Wang, Y., and Fuller-Rowell, T.: 2001, in P. Song, G; Siscoe, and H. J. Singer (eds.), 'Geomagnetic Storm Simulation with a Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model', Space Weather, AGU Geophys. Monogr. Ser. American Geophysical Union, in press.
Raeder, J., Vaisberg, O., Smirnov, V., and Avanov, L.: 2000, J. Atmospheric Solar-Terrest. Phys. 62, 833.
Raeder, J., McPherron, R. L., Frank, L. A., Paterson, W. R., Sigwarth, J. B., Lu, G., Singer, H. J., Kokubun, S., Mukai, T., and Slavin, J. A.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 381.
Richmond, A. D. and Kamide, Y.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5741.
Richmond, A. D. and Roble, R. G.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12365.
Robinson, R. M., Vondrak, R. R., Miller, K., Dabbs, T., and Hardy, D.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2565.
Roble, R. G. and Ridley, E. C.: 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 417.
Russell, C. T., Luhmann, J. G., and Lu, G.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res., in press.
Slinker, S. P., Fedder, J. A., Chen, J., and Lyon, J. G.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 26243.
Tanaka, T.: 1995, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 12057.
Weimer, D. R., Gurnett, D. A., Goertz, C. K., Menietti, J. D., Burch, J. L., and Sudiura, M.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 187.
Weimer, D. R., Reinleitner, L. A., Kan, J. R., Zhu, L., and Akasofu, S. I.: 1990, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 18981.
Winglee, R. M. and Menietti, J. D.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 9189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raeder, J., Wang, Y., Fuller-Rowell, T. et al. Global Simulation of Magnetospheric Space Weather Effects of the Bastille Day Storm. Sol Phys 204, 323–337 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014228230714
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014228230714